Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Analysis Of Drug Management And Hanlon Strategy Method Improvement In Installation Pharmaceutical RSU Budi Setia Minahasa District North Sulawesi Province

Hanna Mariana Rumagit — 2024-11-30

Pharmaceutical installation is a part in the hospital responsible carry out the management of a drug that covers the, selection , procurement distribution and use of medicine.The problem of managing a drug can affect the availability of medicines. This study aims to analyse the efficiency of drug management in IFRSU Budi Setia Minahasa regency.

The study design was descriptive for the data that is retrospective and concurrent. Data obtained from IFRSU Budi Setia stage drug management in, analyzed the efficiency of using indicators, then compared to the standard or the results of other studies.

The results show the results not according to standards: Selection, compliance with Fornas (65,28%), procurement, allocation of available funds (14,74%), the frequency of each item procurement of drugs (6,02 times a year), and EOQ (8,16 times/year), the distribution, the medicinal value of the damaged/expired (1,16%), the stock is dead (0,6%), the use, the number of items per strip of prescription drugs (3,22 sheet). The results according to the standard are: procurement, capital funds available to the overall funds needed (100%), incomplete SP/Invoices (0 times), the number of drug items held as planned (100%), the distribution, the accuracy of the amount of drug on card stock (100%), TOR (12,28 times), the rate of drug availability (12 months), stage of use, the number of items cents ( 3,22 ) prescription drugs, prescribing generic name (90,25%), the average time spent on prescriptions of non concoction (2,8 min) compounded prescription (3,5 minutes). Priority problem handling method hanlon: (1) percentage of stock dead, (2) percentage of and medicinal value expired and or damaged, (3) the number of items cents a prescription drug, (4) conformity items a drug that is available with fornas, (5) the frequency of procurement every items drug per year, (6) allocation percentage funds procurement drug 2019.

Development of a Herbal Sunscreen Cream Using Clitoria ternatea and Aloe vera: Formulation, Quality Assessment, and In Vivo Efficacy

Indarto Indarto — 2024-11-30

Increased awareness of the adverse effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation has led to the development of sunscreen formulations that utilize natural ingredients for enhanced skin protection. This study aimed to develop and evaluate a herbal sunscreen cream combining extracts from Clitoria ternatea and Aloe vera for their UV protection efficacy using an in vivo murine model. The experimental design included the formulation of creams with varying concentrations of the active ingredients, followed by assessments of homogeneity, spreadability, adhesiveness, viscosity, pH, and hedonic qualities. In vivo sunscreen activity was tested on mice, measuring the Sun Protection Factor (SPF). Results showed that creams containing higher concentrations of the extracts (F4) had significantly increased SPF values 35, indicating effective UV protection. The creams also demonstrated good homogeneity, appropriate pH levels, and were well-received in hedonic tests. The study concludes that the combination of Clitoria ternatea and Aloe vera extracts can serve as a potent natural alternative to synthetic sunscreen agents.

Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Pure Extract, Granule and Effervescent Tablet of Manggosteen rind Extract (Garcinia Mangostana L.)

Feronika Evma Rahayu — 2024-11-30

The mangosteen rind (Garcinia mangostana L.) contains alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, tannins, and polyphenols. Flavonoids are secondary metabolites found in it which act as antioxidants. Research on antioxidant activity testing with samples of pure extract, effervescent granules, and effervescent tablets from mangosteen rind extract was conducted to determine the antioxidant content in each formulation. The extraction method used in the study was maceration with 96% ethanol solvent followed by rotary evaporation and water bath at 40°C to obtain a concentrated extract. The yield of the extract was 23.4%, meeting the criteria for a good extract. The concentrated extract was then dried in an oven at 40°C to obtain dry extract. Subsequently, phytochemical screening of the mangosteen rind extract was performed to identify the secondary metabolites present. Antioxidant activity testing was conducted using the DPPH method with methanol as the solvent and quercetin as the positive control. The strongest IC50 value was found in the pure mangosteen rind extract with a value of 0.037 ppm, followed by the effervescent granules with an IC50 value of 0.607 ppm, and the effervescent tablets with an IC50 value of 2.517 ppm. A smaller IC50 value indicates a higher antioxidant capacity in scavenging free radicals.

Analysis of Vitamin C Levels in Rose Water and Red Rose Flower Waste (Rosa damascena Mill) Using the Spektrofotometri UV-Vis Method

Diyan Sakti Purwanto — 2024-11-30

Red roses are a type of rose that has a distinctive fragrance and a sharp red color. Red roses contain tannins, geraniol, flavonoids and vitamin C which can act as antioxidants. This research aims to measure vitamin C levels from rose water and red rose flower waste. This research method is experimental research which is used to find the effect of certain treatments or treatments under controlled conditions. The samples used were rose water and red rose flower waste. The extraction method used is distillation with distilled water as a solvent. The comparison solution used was ascorbic acid. Vitamin C levels were determined using the UV-Vis spectrophotometry method. The results of determining vitamin C levels showed that the vitamin C levels in red rose waste were greater, namely 2.958 ± 0.018 mg/g.

Antibacterial Activity and Physical Properties Test of Temulawak Extract Gel Against Staphylococcus Aureus ATCC 25923

Maulana Nugraha — 2024-11-30

Temulawak (Curcuma zanthorrhiza) can be used as a traditional medicine. The use of temulawak directly on the skin is impractical and uncomfortable, so it is formulated in an emulgel dosage form. The test material is Temulawak powder extracted by maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent. The viscous extract of emulgel preparation and physical properties tested includes organoleptic, spreadability. Adhesion and pH. Antibacterial activity test against Staphylococcus aureus was carried out by using the well method. Antibacterial activity is indicated by the presence of an inhibitory zone on the emulgel with a concentration of 5%, 10% and 15%. The test results of the physical properties of Temulawak extract emulgel have good organoleptic, adhesion and pH, but the spreadability does not meet the good spreadability standards, because the diameter requirements for good dispersion for emulgel are 5 to 7 cm. And the results of the antibacterial activity test showed that the emulgel from Temulawak extract had antibacterial activity against Staphylocuccus aureus at concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15%. With mean values of 15 mm, 17 mm and 19 mm, respectively. These results indicate that the Temulawak extract emulgel has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus

Formulation of Methanol Extract Gel of White Champaca Flowers (Magnolia alba) as an Anti-Acne Agent against Staphylococcus aureus

Ni Nyoman Yudianti Mendra — 2024-11-30

The white champaca flower is an evergreen plant that thrives in Bali, local populations take advantages of its fragrance for ritual purposes and aromatherapy. The antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity of the white champaca flower (Magnolia alba) are well-known, besides its utility as aromatherapy. These activities were attributed to the presence of secondary metabolites such as flavonoid, tannin, steroid, and saponin. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of methanol extract of Magnolia alba formulated as a gel against Staphylococcus aureus.

Gel formulations were prepared using various concentration of extract FI (4%), FII (6%), and FIII (8%). The physical tests included organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, dispersibility, and adhesion test. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using agar well diffusion method, with Clindamycin gel as the positive control. Statistical analysis of the inhibition zone was conducted using a Post Hoc test at a 95% confidence level.

The addition of extract in each formula affected its physical properties, particularly the dispersibility. The gel exhibited a spreadability range of 2,67 – 4,22 cm, which fell below the standard 5-7 cm. The gel viscosity increased with a higher concentration of extract, resulting in reduced spreadability of the gel. The Inhibition zone of the sample against S.aureus was observed with an inhibition diameter of 6,33 mm and 11,37 mm for FII and FIII, respectively, compared to the positive control of 22,17 mm. These findings indicate that the methanol extract gel of Magnolia alba can inhibit the growth of S.aureus and has the potential as an anti-acne gel with moderate and strong inhibitory effects. The inhibitory activity of the gel against bacteria increased with a higher concentration of the extract.

Effect of Glycerin Concentration on Physical Stability Ointment of Snakehead Fish, Golden Sea Cucumber, Kelulut Honey, Green Betel and Clove Oil

Salsha Fhadila — 2024-11-30

Snakehead fish (Channa striata), golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii), kelulut honey (Heterotrigona itama), green betel nut (Piper betle) and clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum) have a synergistic effect in wound healing. This combination of ingredients is formulated in an ointment because it has a long contact time on the skin, so it is expected to be effective in healing wounds. The diversity of compounds from each ingredient can affect and cause preparation instability. The addition of glycerin as a humectant is a way to maintain the physical stability of the preparation because it can reduce water evaporation from the preparation. The purpose of this study was to determine the concentration of glycerin which can produce an ointment with good physical
stability.

Variations in the concentration of glycerin used were 5% (F1) and 2.5% (F2), and then the physical properties and stability of the preparations were tested. The method used is the stability test of the intermediate at 30° ± 2° C/ 65% ± 5% RH for 6 months. The measurement parameters include organoleptic test, homogeneity, spreadability, adhesion, protection, and pH.

The results of the physical stability test showed that formula F2 (glycerin 2.5%) was the most stable formula in maintaining spreadability and adhesion from the 0 to 1 month. All formulas were damaged before testing the stability of physical properties in the 3rd month, so this test was not continued in the 3rd and 6th months.

Formulation And Antioxidant Activity Test Serum Spray Gel Rosemary Oil (Rosmarinus officinalis L.)

Nesa Agistia — 2024-11-30

Free radicals can trigger premature aging which can affect the skin structure. Therefore, we need antioxidants that can stabilize reactive free radicals so that they inhibit the free radical oxidation process. One of the plants that can be used as an antioxidant is rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) in the form of essential oil which contains compounds 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and β-pinene. This study aims to produce a topical preparation of rosemary oil in the form of a serum spray gel and has antioxidant activity.

The concentrations of rosemary oil used at F1, F2, F3 and F4 were 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively. Evaluation of rosemary oil serum spray gel formulation which includes organoleptic, pH, homogeneity, stickiness, viscosity, stability and spraying pattern. The evaluation results meet the requirements.

The conclusion of this study is that rosemary oil serum gel spray preparation is physically stable and the best antioxidant activity is F4 with a rosemary oil concentration of 15% and an IC50 value of 152.6274 µg/mL.

Analysis of Total Flavonoid and Antioxidant Activity of Ethanol Fraction Watermelon Rind (Citrullus lanatus)

Feronika Evma Rahayu — 2024-11-30

Antioxidants are required to keep the body's defenses against free radicals intact. Watermelon rind (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb). & Nakai) contains phenolic compounds which are included in the flavonoid group and can act as natural antioxidant compounds. This study evaluated watermelon rind (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb). & Nakai) for its antioxidant activity.

The dried watermelon rind (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb). & Nakai) was extracted using the maceration method and then partitioned into polar (water), non-polar (n-hexane), and semi-polar (ethyl acetate) fractions. Following extraction, the study's methodology is briefly outlined in the second paragraph and is in line with the findings of this publication.

The highest total flavonoid value was found in the watermelon rind (Citrullus lanatus (Thunb). & Nakai) ethanol extract, which measured 49.6 mg/g in the ethyl acetate fraction, 48.6 mg/g in the water fraction, and12.05 mg/g in the n-hexane fraction. The ethyl acetate fraction has strong antioxidant activity (55.36), followed by the water fraction (71.25), and the n-hexane is not strong (225.59).

Evaluation of Rational Antibiotik Use for Patients with Typhoid Fever at X Hospital in Surakarta

Adhi W. Amrullah — 2024-11-30

The bacterium Salmonella typhi is the cause of a systemic infection known as typhoid fever. These bacteria usually enter through contaminated food or drink. To treat typhoid fever, antibiotics must be given as rationally as possible to achieve ideal therapeutic goals. An understanding of various aspects of an infectious disease should be used to plan the use of antibiotics. This understanding must also consider the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the antibiotic to be used as well as individual resistance, virulence and microorganisms. The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is the worst effect of irrational use of antibiotics.

In this study, the Gyssens method was used to analyze the rationality of antibiotics. This observational descriptive study also uses a cross-sectional approach. Data was collected through a retrospective search of medical records in the medical records section of "X" Hospital in Surakarta from January to December 2021. The data collected consisted of analytic and descriptive data, which consisted of patient characteristics and the patient's pattern of prescribing antibiotics. The SPSS computer program is used to process the data.

The results of rationality analysis showed that in 84 prescriptions in typhoid fever patients who were included in category 0 (zero) or rational as many as 25 prescriptions (29.76%) and irrational as many as 59 prescriptions (70.24%) consisting of category IV A as many as 18 prescriptions (21.43%), IV B as many as 8 prescriptions (9.52%), III A as many as 3 prescriptions (3.57%), category III B as many as 47 prescriptions (55.95%), II A as many as 34 prescriptions (40.47%) and II B as many as 27 prescriptions (32.14%).

Standardization Of Khaya (Khaya anthotheca) Extract As Breast Anticancer MCF-7 (Michigan Cancer Foundation-7)

Parwaz Setaviani — 2024-11-30

Cancer is the second non-communicable disease that causes the largest number of deaths after cardiovascular disease. The chemical compounds contained in the Khaya anthotheca plant and which have anticancer activity include methyl angolensate, 7-deacetylhivorin, grandifolione, gedunin, , obacunone and Cathecin. This research aims to determine the standardization of extracts and determine anticancer activity against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The method used in this research is standardization of specific and non-specific parameters, and cytotoxic testing using Prestoblue. The results of extract standardization of specific parameters have values for soluble essence in water and ethanol of 4.68% and 5.80% (meeting the requirements). Non-specific parameters drying loss 0.739%, ash content 8.02%, microbial contamination 0 colonies, lead (Pb) 0.2976 mg/kg, cadmium (Cd) ≤0.001 mg/kg (qualified) and IC₅₀ value of anticancer activity breast MCF-7 from Khaya anthoteca extract was 194.20 µg/mL in the medium/moderate category