Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia

Contribution of Characteristics of End-Stage Renal Disease Patients with Hemodialysis on Knowledge and Medication Adherence

Agustina Nila Yuliawati — 2023-11-30

The knowledge and adherence of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients can vary based on their characteristics, then could influence the success of their therapy. This study aimed to determine the contribution of ERSD patients’ characteristics undergoing hemodialysis (HD) to their knowledge and adherence. Data were collected using questionnaires including the CKD-KQ, the ESRD-AQ, and respondent identity sheets sourced from medical records. The relationship between respondent characteristics and their knowledge and adherence was analyzed using bivariate statistical tests. Findings showed that the average respondent had a knowledge score of 18.12±3.40 (max.24) and adherence of 1092.86±135.20 (max.1200). Patient characteristics contribution in adherence was found in the age and suffering from ESRD undergoing HD duration (p<0.05), but not with patient knowledge. Other elements such as providing education from health workers are considered to increase patient knowledge, and the ease of undergoing ESRD therapy has an impact on high patient adherence(p<0.05).

Innovation in Fermentation: Enhancing Antioxidant Content in Rice Bran Using Aspergillus Oryzae

Hafidh Al Azzhar — 2023-11-30

This study aims to assess the antioxidant activity of fermented rice bran extract as an innovative approach to enhance the content of bioactive compounds. Although rice bran is known for its richness in phenolic compounds and γ-oryzanol, the use of enzymatic fermentation to increase its bioactivity remains limited. The research explores the antioxidant activity of fermented rice bran extract, providing fresh insights into harnessing the untapped potential of natural antioxidants. Rice bran was fermented with Aspergillus oryzae for 7, 14, and 21 days. The fermented product was then extracted using 70% ethanol, and its antioxidant activity was determined in vitro using the DPPH method. The results indicated that a 14-day fermentation exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (AAI 1.47), categorized as strong antioxidant activity. For non-fermented rice bran and 7-day fermentation, AAI values were 1.09 and 1.05, respectively. Fermentation for 21 days showed the lowest antioxidant activity (AAI 0.55), which was categorized as moderate. These findings contribute to understanding the impact of fermentation duration on the antioxidant activity of rice bran, supporting its potential as a valuable source of antioxidants.

Effectivity Therapy and Adverse Drug Reaction of Short-Regimens for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis: a Scoping Review

Yunilistianingsih - Yunilistianingsih — 2023-11-30

The increase in Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a global problem that must be addressed immediately. Duration of treatment, adverse events (ADRs) and medical costs can affect adherence and treatment success. This literature review was conducted to review the effectiveness and ADRs of short-term regimens (STR) in MDR-TB patients.

We used PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar to retrieve the relevant original articles on MDR-TB treatment with STR in English-language, published from 2018 through 2022. The keywords used in the search for articles are "multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis", "short regimens" or "short-term regimens", effectiveness, safety" or "adverse events".

Of the 13 articles obtained, the all-oral regimen proved promising for implementation in the treatment of MDR-TB. Based on sputum conversion, cure rate, and percentage of patients who completed treatment, the regimen with the highest therapeutic effectiveness was 6KmMfxPtoCfzHEZ/5MfxCfzEZ at 92.9%, and the lowest was 4KmMfxPtoCfzHEZ/5MfxCfzEZ at 63.6%. The all-oral regimen with or without Bedaquilin showed a better average therapeutic effectiveness (87.04%) than regimen containing injection (78.43%). Meanwhile, the serious ADRs that emerged were death, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and ototoxicity. Apart from monitoring the safety, research needs to be expanded to a larger population and wider sites, to find more effective regimens because Mycobacterium tuberculosis are easily resistant.

In Silico Pharmacokinetic and Toxicity Analysis on Clitoria Ternatea Flower

Erna Yovi Kurniawati — 2023-11-30

This study explores the pharmacokinetic and toxicity aspects of Clitoria ternatea, which is well-known in traditional medicine for its promising pharmacological potential. Using computational methods, research seeks to unravel the interaction of active compounds in the human body, predicting not only pharmacokinetic properties but also exploring the correlation between chemical structure and parameters such as lipophilicity and P-glycoprotein substrate status, which improves our understanding of the compound's behaviour. The urgency of this research stems from the need for a safe source of therapeutics. Through in-depth in silico toxicity assessments, potential side effects of compounds are carefully identified, ensuring a comprehensive safety evaluation. This important step lays the foundation for responsible pharmacological development. This research introduces a new perspective on exploring traditional medicinal plants, emphasising the importance of safe therapeutic alternatives. The ultimate goal is to establish a solid foundation to further develop C. ternatea as a valuable resource for pharmacological applications and advance natural medicine. The results revealed many compounds with significant pharmacological potential, which show promise for future natural medicine applications. However, the imperative for additional research and experimental validation underscores our commitment to understanding the pharmacological and toxicological aspects of these compounds.

Activity Test of The Purified Extract Bit Leaver (Beta vulgaris) as Antioxidant and Determination of Total Flavonoid Content

Diah Pratimasari — 2023-12-18

The ethanol extract of beetroot leaves contains high levels of phenolic and flavonoid compounds, making it potentially beneficial as an antioxidant. However, the ethanol extract of beetroot leaves has a disadvantage as it is still mixed with other components that are not necessary, limiting its formulation development. In relation to this, the purpose of this research is to eliminate unwanted compounds as antioxidants and to observe the impact of purification on the antioxidant activity and total flavonoid content of the extract.

The production of purified extract involves fractionating the suspension of beetroot leaf extract using solvents with different polarities, namely n-hexane and ethyl acetate, in sequence. Antioxidant activity tests are conducted on Ethanol Extract of Beetroot Leaves (EEDUB), Purified Extract of Beetroot Leaves (ETDUB), and quercetin as a positive control. Antioxidant activity is assessed using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The total flavonoid content of EEDUB and ETDUB is determined with a spectrophotometer using AlCl3.

The antioxidant activity of EEDUB is indicated by an IC50 value of 157.87 µg/mL, while ETDUB has an IC50 value of 129.60 µg/mL. The total flavonoid content of EEDUB is 2.82% ± 0.85 QE, and for ETDUB, it is 2.90% ± 1.16 QE. The research results show that ETDUB has a higher flavonoid content and antioxidant activity compared to EEDUB. This also indicates that the purification process of the beetroot leaf extract has not reached its maximum effectiveness.

Knowledge and Behavior of East Java’s Middle and High School Students towards 6M Health Protocols

Natasha Vine Angelique — 2023-12-01

Since 2019, the infectious disease Covid-19 has spread throughout the world. Schools have begun to hold limited face-to-face meetings. This study sought to identify a knowledge profile and behavior profile of middle and high school students in East Java toward 6M health protocols, as well as the relationship between age, knowledge score, and practice score, as well as a comparison of knowledge and behavior profile based on gender, education level, and class. This study used a cross-sectional study with accidental sampling and questionnaires to collect data from 743 respondents in 8 districts or cities in East Java. The Spearman, Mann-Whitney, and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for statistical analysis. The results show that 80,5% of respondents have good knowledge, and more than 90% had positive behavior towards 6M health protocols. There was a significant correlation between age and knowledge score (p<0,05), age and behavior score (p<0,05), and knowledge score and behavior score (p<0,05). The study also discovered differences in knowledge and behavior scores based on gender, education level, and class.

Acute Toxicity Testing of Nutmeg Essential Oil on Male Mice (Mus musculus)

Ghani Abhi Majid — 2023-11-30

Nutmeg seed essential oil works as an antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal and anti-inflammatory. It is not yet known the safety of using nutmeg seed essential oil as a medicine so it is necessary to carry out safety tests, namely acute toxicity tests. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety of nutmeg seed essential oil and determine the LD50 value, influence on body weight, behavioral changes and macropathology of mouse organs. Isolation of nutmeg seed essential oil using the steam distillation method. Nutmeg seed essential oil was analyzed using GS-MS. Acute toxicity test in this study used fixed dose method. The test animals used 30 male white mice were divided into 6 test groups, namely the placebo control group and the treatment group given nutmeg essential oil doses of 5, 50, 300, 2000 and 5000 mg / KgBB. The observation parameters of test animals include toxic symptoms, body weight, and organ macropathology. The analysis method used is one way ANOVA followed by Tukey's Post-Hoc test. The results showed that after giving nutmeg seed essential oil there were no significant toxic effects but could affect the body weight of mice. Macropathological observation of mouse organs in all groups looked normal and no damage to mouse organs resulted from the administration of test preparations. Thus, the LD50 essential oil of nutmeg seeds is pseudo ≥ 5000 mg/KgBB, including the classification of practically non-toxic.

Molecular Docking of Andrographis paniculata Bioactive Compounds as Antimalarial Candidates

Rizky Resvita R. Bahi — 2024-01-09

Efforts to eradicate malaria have been severely hampered by the growing resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to currently available antimalarial drugs. Therefore, efforts should be made to find and develop new effective antimalarial drugs for the treatment of malaria. One of the plants reported to have antimalarial activity is sambiloto. This study aims to carry out molecular docking of the bioactive compounds contained in sambiloto to obtain potential compounds that have antimalarial activity.

In this study, 18 bioactive compounds of sambiloto were docked to 3 target proteins involved in the malaria pathway, namely P. falciparum Plasmepsin II (PDB: 1LEE), PfENR (PDB: 1NHG), and PfDHFR-TS (PDB: 7F3Z) using Autodock 4.0. Based on the docking results, the bioactive compounds with the best activity were analyzed using SwissADME webtool for their pharmacokinetic parameters and drug-likeness.

The results showed that the bioactive compound with the best activity against the molecular targets involved in malaria was bisandrographolide C, andrographiside, ninandrographolide, 14-acetylandrographolide, daucosterol, andrographic acid and neoandrographolide. These compounds have the lowest binding energy and interact with important amino acid residues present in the target protein. The bioactive compounds contained in sambiloto have the potential to become candidates for antimalarial drugs and have the opportunity to become oral drugs based on Lipinski’s filter except for andrographiside.