Optimization of Ethanol Solvent Concentration on Topical Analgesic Activity of Mint Leaves (Mentha piperita) in White Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstract
Pain is a natural physiological response of the body due to tissue damage or harmful stimuli where pharmacological treatment generally uses analgesics. Topical analgesics are considered safer because they can minimize systemic side effects. The use of ethanol extract of mint leaves (Mentha piperita) is known to have properties as a topical analgesic so it is necessary to optimize the concentration of ethanol used. The purpose of this study was to test the activity of topical anagesic extract of mint leaves with varying concentrations of ethanol solvents of 50%, 70% and 96% in white mice (Mus musculus). The method used was pain induction using a hot plate. White mice will be divided into 5 groups where each group will receive a different treatment. The soles of the feet of white mice will be smeared with mint leaf extract gel extracted with ethanol solvent concentrations of 50%, 70% and 96% as a test group as well as those who only received gel base and voltaren gel. The results showed that starting from the 30th minute there was a significant difference in the average latency time in all groups (p-value = 0.000). These results indicate that analgesic activity began to appear in the test and positive control groups at 30 minutes compared to the negative control group. The gel containing 96% ethanol extract of mint leaves produced the most optimal topical analgesic activity.
Keywords:
optimization, mint leaves, topical analgesic, hot plate
References
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[2] L. Macchia, L. Delaney, and M. Daly, “Global pain levels before and during the COVID-19 pandemic,” Econ. Hum. Biol., vol. 52, no. November 2023, p. 101337, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.ehb.2023.101337.
[3] R. Setyaningsih and R. Kusuma Astuti, “Studi Deskriptif Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Tentang Penanganan Nyeri,” Intan Husada J. Ilm. Keperawatan, vol. 10, no. 02, pp. 75–82, 2022, doi: 10.52236/ih.v10i2.242.
[4] C. Bannepadang, E. T. Mendila, and R. Belsem, “Hubungan Nyeri Sendi Dengan Kualitas Hidup Pada Lansia Di Posyandu Lilikira Lembang Lilikira Kecamatan Nanggala Kabupaten Toraja Utara Tahun 2023,” J. Ilm. Kesehat. Promot., 2023.
[5] Y. L. Huang et al., “Chronic pain and use of analgesics in the elderly: A nationwide population-based study,” Arch. Med. Sci., vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 627–634, 2020, doi: 10.5114/aoms.2020.92894.
[6] Kepmenkes, “Pedoman Nasional Pelayanan Kedokteran Tatalaksana Nyeri,” 2019.
[7] E. Gunadi and T. Istiana, “Effective pain management in patients,” Medula, vol. 14, no. 1, 2024, doi: 10.7748/ns.2017.e10736.
[8] M. F. Yam, Y. C. Loh, C. S. Tan, S. K. Adam, N. A. Manan, and R. Basir, “General pathways of pain sensation and the major neurotransmitters involved in pain regulation,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 19, no. 8, 2018, doi: 10.3390/ijms19082164.
[9] D. G. Lambert, “Opioids and opioid receptors; understanding pharmacological mechanisms as a key to therapeutic advances and mitigation of the misuse crisis,” BJA Open, vol. 6, p. 100141, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjao.2023.100141.
[10] R. A. Hanifah, F. H. Ningrum, E. Kresnoadi, and S. A. Wicaksono, “the Effect of Paracetamol and Codeine Analgesic Combination on Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetate Transaminase Levels in Male Wistar Rats,” Dipenogoro Med. J., vol. 9, p. 6, 2020.
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[12] M. Loolaie, N. Moasefi, H. Rasouli, and H. Adibi, “Peppermint and Its Functionality: A Review Loolaie,” Arch. Clin. Microbiol., vol. 08, no. 04, pp. 1–16, 2017, doi: 10.4172/1989-8436.100053.
[13] S. D. Sawu, Wibowo, and F. E. O. Irawan, “Aktivitas Analgesik Topikal Gel Ekstrak Etanol 70 % Daun Mint ( Mentha piperita ) pada Mencit Putih ( Mus musculus ) dengan Metode Hot Plate Topical Analgesic Activity of 70 % Ethanol Extract Gel of Mint Leaves ( Mentha piperita ) on White Aktivitas Analg,” vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 48–57, 2025.
[14] A. Mirzaei, M. T. Rezanejad, and N. Mirzaei, “Phytochemical and antiradical properties of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of red capsicum and Mentha Piperita,” Res. J. Pharm. Biol. Chem. Sci., vol. 6, no. 3, pp. 174–179, 2015.
[15] S. D. Sawu, W. Wibowo, and F. E. O. Irawan, “Topical Analgesic Activity of 70% Ethanol Extract Gel of Mint Leaves (Mentha piperita) on White Mice (Mus musculus) with Hot Plate Method,” J. Ilm. Medicam., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 48–57, 2025, doi: 10.36733/medicamento.v11i1.9900.
[16] S. Indratmoko, I. Agus Faizal, and M. Tri Kumala Swandari, “Metode Perbandingan Maserasi Dan Soxhletasi Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav) Terhadap Efektivitas Bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis,” J. Ilmu Kefarmasian, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 64–72, 2023.
[17] S. Maqsood, P. Kittiphattanabawon, S. Benjakul, P. Sumpavapol, and A. Abushelaibi, “Antioxidant activity of date (Phoenix dactylifera var. Khalas) seed and its preventive effect on lipid oxidation in model systems,” Int. Food Res. J., vol. 22, pp. 1180–1188, Jan. 2015.
[18] S. Sangadji, A. C. Wullur, and W. Bodhi, “Formulasi Dan Uji Gel Ekstrak Etanol Herba Suruhan ( Peperomia Pellucida [ L .] Kunth ) Terhadap Luka Bakar Pada Kelinci ( Oryctolagus Cuniculus ),” PharmaconJurnal Ilm. Farm., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 10–21, 2018.
[19] D. Indratama and Yenita, “Uji Efektivitas Antibiotik Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa Bilimbi L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphyloccus Aureus Secara In Vitro,” J. Pandu Husada, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 61–65, 2019, doi: 10.3917/cerpsy.087.0064.
[20] N. L. P. E. P. Jayantini, N. P. T. Ayundita, I. P. A. Mahaputra, F. D. Fatturochman, and A. A. G. R. Y. Putra, “Uji Aktivitas Analgesik Gel Bulung Boni (Caulerpa Sp.) Terhadap Mencit Putih (Mus musculus),” J. Ilm. Medicam., vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 27–31, 2021, doi: 10.36733/medicamento.v7i1.1502.
[21] D. L. Y. Handoyo, “The Influence Of Maseration Time (Immeration) On The Vocity Of Birthleaf Extract (Piper Betle),” J. Farm. Tinctura, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 34–41, 2020, doi: 10.35316/tinctura.v2i1.1546.
[22] N. R. Widyaningrum, M. Novitasari, and K. Puspitasary, “The Differences Of Cmc Na Basis Formula Variation On Physical Properties Of Ethanol Extract Gel Of Peanut Shells (Arachis Hypogaea L).,” Avicenna J. Heal. Res., vol. 2, no. 2, p. 121, 2019.
[23] R. Nugroho, Mengenal mencit sebagai hewan laboratorium. 2018.
[24] A. El-Mahmoudy and I. Gheith, “The anti-nociceptive potential of tilmicosin against chemical-induced but not thermal-induced pain in mice,” Int. J. Immunopathol. Pharmacol., vol. 29, no. 1, pp. 9–16, 2016, doi: 10.1177/0394632015593232.
[25] A. D. Modi, A. Parekh, and Y. N. Pancholi, “Evaluating pain behaviours: Widely used mechanical and thermal methods in rodents,” Behav. Brain Res., vol. 446, p. 114417, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114417.
[26] S. Belemkar, S. A. Thakre, and M. K. Pata, “Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Activities of Methanolic Extract of Adhatoda vasica Nees and Mentha,” Inven. Rapid Ethnopharmacol., vol. 2013, no. 2, pp. 2–7, 2013.
[27] S. A. Almatroodi, M. A. Alsahli, A. Almatroudi, A. A. Khan, and A. H. Rahmani, “Peppermint, (mentha × piperita): Role in management of diseases through modulating various biological activities,” Pharmacogn. J., vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 822–827, 2021, doi: 10.5530/pj.2021.13.104.
[28] X. Prasanna, R. Sarojini, T. Thilagam, and K. Susila, “Evaluation Of Analgesic Activity Of Mentha Piperita ( Aqueous Extract ) In Swiss Male Albino Mice,” Int. J. Sci. Res., no. 10, pp. 68–69, 2018.
[29] C. Mogosan et al., “A comparative analysis of the chemical composition, anti-inflammatory, and antinociceptive effects of the essential oils from three species of Mentha cultivated in Romania,” Molecules, vol. 22, no. 2, 2017, doi: 10.3390/molecules22020263.
[30] C. Santenna, S. Kumar, S. Balakrishnan, R. Jhaj, and S. N. Ahmed, “A comparative experimental study of analgesic activity of a novel non-steroidal anti-inflammatory molecule – zaltoprofen, and a standard drug – piroxicam, using murine models,” J. Exp. Pharmacol., vol. 11, pp. 85–91, 2019, doi: 10.2147/JEP.S212988.
[31] H. Cheng and X. An, “Cold stimuli, hot topic: An updated review on the biological activity of menthol in relation to inflammation,” Front. Immunol., vol. 13, no. November, pp. 1–15, 2022, doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1023746.
[32] Muhammad Haikal Hirzi, Yurnalis, and Inawaty Sidabalok, “Pengaruh Jumlah Bahan Dalam Tangki Penyuling Metode Uap dan Air Terhadap Rendemen Serta Mutu Minyak Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L. Rendle),” J. Res. Ilmu Pertan., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 64–77, 2022, doi: 10.31933/j5hmtf06.
[33] S. Wahyuni and M. P. Marpaung, “Penentuan Kadar Alkaloid Total Ekstrak Akar Kuning (Fibraurea Chloroleuca Miers) Berdasarkan Perbedaan Konsentrasi Etanol Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri UV-Vis,” Dalt. J. Pendidik. Kim. dan Ilmu Kim., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 52–61, 2020, doi: 10.31602/dl.v3i2.3911.
Published
2026-05-31
Section
Articles
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