ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF PURIFIED ANDROGRAPHIS PANICULATA EXTRACT THROUGH CYCLOOXYGENASE INHIBITION
Abstract
Inflammation is a natural respond of the body to harmful stimuli from external environment. However, persistent and prolonged inflammation has been associated with the development of various chronic diseases. The objective of this study is to investigate the cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitory activity of purified extract of Andrographis paniculata (sambiloto) herb. The extraction process was performed through maceration using ethanol 90 %, followed by fractionation with n-hexane and ethyl acetate solvent. This procedure yielded a purified extract of sambiloto herb 2.3 % relative to the dry weight of herb. The COX inhibition assay demonstrated IC50 value of 563.2 µg/mL and 5097.4 µg/mL for COX-1 and COX-2 respectively. These results indicate that purified extract of sambiloto herb exhibits greater inhibition selectivity towards COX-1 compared to COX-2.
References
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[8] Y. Dai, S. R. Chen, L. Chai, J. Zhao, Y. Wang, and Y. Wang, “Overview of pharmacological activities of andrographis paniculata and its major compound andrographolide,” Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr., vol. 59, no. S1, pp. S17–S29, 2019, doi: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1501657.
[9] D. Lee, C. Y. Baek, J. H. Hwang, and M. Y. Kim, “Andrographis paniculata extract relieves pain and inflammation in monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis and acetic acid-inducedwrithing in animal models,” Processes, vol. 8, no. 7, 2020, doi: 10.3390/pr8070873.
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[11] W. W. Chao, Y. H. Kuo, and B. I. F. Lin, “Anti-inflammatory activity of new compounds from andrographis paniculata by nf-κb transactivation inhibition,” J. Agric. Food Chem., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 2505–2512, 2010, doi: 10.1021/jf903629j.
[12] W. Zou et al., “The anti-inflammatory effect of Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees on pelvic inflammatory disease in rats through down-regulation of the NF-ΚB pathway,” BMC Complement. Altern. Med., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 1–7, 2016, doi: 10.1186/s12906-016-1466-5.
[13] P. M. Ruengthanoo, A. Changthong, P. Sriraj, J. Prathumtet, N. Laikaew, and R. Aukkanimart, “Anti-inflammatory effects of Andrographis paniculata (Fah Talai Jone) via TNFα-JNK pathway and bioactive compound identification,” Phytomedicine Plus, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 100720, 2025, doi: 10.1016/j.phyplu.2024.100720.
[14] J. Levita, E. P. Istyastono, A. Nawawi, A. Mutholib, I. J.P. de Esch, and S. Ibrahim Surantaatmadja, “Analyzing the Interaction of Andrographolide and Neoandrographolide, Diterpenoid Compounds From Andrographis Paniculata (Burm.F) Nees, to Cyclooxygenase-2 Enzyme by Docking Simulation,” ITB J. Sci., vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 110–119, 2009, doi: 10.5614/itbj.sci.2009.41.2.5.
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[16] M. Ameh, Sunday; Obodozie, Obiageri; Inyang, Uford; Abubakar, Mujitaba; garba, “A normative study of Nigerian grown ‘Maha-tita’ (king of bitters) - Andrographis paniculata nees,” Int. J. Drug Dev. Res., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 291–299, 2010.
[17] P. A. Sya’ban et al., “Evaluations of Andrographolide-Rich Fractions of Andrographis paniculata with Enhanced Potential Antioxidant, Anticancer, Antihypertensive, and Anti-Inflammatory Activities,” Plants, vol. 1220, no. 12, 2023, [Online]. Available: https://doi.org/ 10.3390/plants12061220.
[18] A. Smeriglio, N. Iraci, M. Denaro, G. Mandalari, S. V. Giofrè, and D. Trombetta, “Synergistic Combination of Citrus Flavanones as Strong Antioxidant and COX-Inhibitor Agent,” Antioxidants, vol. 12, no. 4, 2023, doi: 10.3390/antiox12040972.
[19] H. W. Bai, C. Yang, P. Wang, S. Rao, and B. T. Zhu, “Inhibition of cyclooxygenase by blocking the reducing cosubstrate at the peroxidase site: Discovery of galangin as a novel cyclooxygenase inhibitor,” Eur. J. Pharmacol., vol. 899, no. March, p. 174036, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174036.
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[21] H. Cao et al., “Discovery of cyclooxygenase inhibitors from medicinal plants used to treat inflammation,” Pharmacol. Res., vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 519–524, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2010.02.007.
[22] R. G. Ardika, B. P. Budiono, N. S. Widiastiti, N. Maharani, N. Susilaningsih, and F. Sandra, “Andrographis paniculata Leaves Extract Inhibit TNF-α and Caspase-3 Expression of Septic Rats’ Intestinal Tissues,” Indones. Biomed. J., vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 66–71, 2024, doi: 10.18585/inabj.v16i1.2727.
[23] D. I. Jang et al., “The role of tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf-α) in autoimmune disease and current tnf-α inhibitors in therapeutics,” Int. J. Mol. Sci., vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 1–16, 2021, doi: 10.3390/ijms22052719.
Published
2025-11-28
Section
Articles
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