Optimization of CMC-Na and HPMC Proportions in Leucaena leucocephala Seed Extract Gel Using the Simplex Lattice Design Method
Abstract
Lamtoro is a traditionally cultivated plant, this is due to its therapeutic properties and chemical content and in lamtoro seeds contain flavonoids that function as antioxidants. The use of lamtoro seed extract can provide a protective effect from skin damage due to photoaging and carciogenesis. The effectiveness of the drug will be maximized if given to a preparation such as a gel. The type and concentration of gel used will affect physical properties and physical stability. This study aims to determine the effect of gelling agent concentration on the physical properties and physical requirements of gel preparations. Evaluation of gel preparations includes pH tests, dispersion tests, adhesion and viscosity tests. The results showed that there was an influence of gelling agent concentration on the physical properties and physical requirements of gel preparations, which was reinforced by the results of One-Way ANOVA statistical analysis where a significance value of <0.05 was obtained which can be concluded that there is an influence of gelling agent concentration.
References
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[3] F. Fahimnia, M. Nemattalab, dan Z. Hesari, “Development and characterization of a topical gel, containing lavender (Lavandula angustifolia) oil loaded solid lipid nanoparticles,” BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, vol. 24, no. 1, hal. 155, 2024, doi: 10.1186/s12906-024-04440-2.
[4] P. D. Pratiwi, D. R. Gusti, dan R. I. Angraini, “The optimization of gelling agent and humectant in antioxidant gel formula with Carica papaya Linn. leaf extract based on simplex lattice design method,” Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences, vol. 6, no. 5 SE-Original Articles, hal. 283–291, Des 2023, doi: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v6i5-si.430.
[5] N. Sarifuddin et al., “Optimasi Gel Ekstrak Etanol Daun Belimbing Wuluh ( Averrhoa bilimbi L .) dengan Kombinasi HPMC dan Na-Cmc Menggunakan Metode Simplex Lattice Design,” vol. 11, no. 2, hal. 575–584, 2025.
[6] Y. W. Ningsih, A. Husna, H. U. Fitri, P. D. K. Kulla, R. Meilina, dan S. D. Maulina, “Exploring the Natural Antibacterial Potential: Effectiveness of Leucaena Leucocephala Seed Extract Against Staphylococcus Aureus and Escherichia Coli,” Indonesian Journal of Global Health Research, vol. 8, no. 1 SE-Articles, hal. 733–744, Feb 2026, doi: 10.37287/ijghr.v8i1.413.
[7] M. Tourabi et al., “Optimization of extraction process and solvent polarities to enhance the recovery of phytochemical compounds, nutritional content, and biofunctional properties of Mentha longifolia L. extracts,” Bioresources and Bioprocessing, vol. 12, no. 1, hal. 24, 2025, doi: 10.1186/s40643-025-00859-8.
[8] V. Murani, “A review on : Extraction of mimosine from Leucaena leucocephala tree & their phytochemical study and pharmacological activity,” vol. 5, no. 1, hal. 22–25, 2023.
[9] J. A. Ansong et al., “Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal-Based Antiacne Gel Preparations.,” BioMed research international, vol. 2023, hal. 7838299, 2023, doi: 10.1155/2023/7838299.
[10] R.-A. Vlad et al., “Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose—A Key Excipient in Pharmaceutical Drug Delivery Systems,” Pharmaceutics, vol. 17, no. 6. hal. 784, 2025. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17060784.
[11] R. Kurhade, S. Mohd Sayeed, V. Nagulwar, dan M. Kale, “Advancements in carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) modifications and their diverse biomedical applications: a comprehensive review,” International Journal of Polymeric Materials and Polymeric Biomaterials, vol. 74, hal. 1043–1067, Okt 2024, doi: 10.1080/00914037.2024.2391973.
[12] G. Legrand et al., “Acid-Induced Gelation of Carboxymethylcellulose Solutions,” ACS macro letters, hal. 234–239, Feb 2024, doi: 10.1021/acsmacrolett.3c00677.
[13] N. Sharma, D. Prakash, I. Kumar, dan A. Sharma, “From Formulation to Delivery : Understanding the Importance of Emulsifying Agents in Pharmaceuticals,” vol. 3, no. 6, hal. 1726–1746, 2025, doi: 10.5281/zenodo.15621596.
[14] A. K. Zulkarnain, “Optimization of HPMC and Na-CMC as Gelling Agents on Physical Properties and Stability in Sunflower Seed Oil Gel Formulation ,” Journal of Food and Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol. 11, no. 2 SE-Articles, Jun 2023, doi: 10.22146/jfps.8227.
[15] A. K. Zulkarnain, C. N. Ichsani, dan C. L. Judiantoro, “Physical properties and stability of grapeseed oil (Vitis vinifera L.) skincare formula with gelling agent combination of Na-CMC-carbopol and HPMC-carbopol,” Indonesian Journal of Pharmacology and Therapy, vol. 4, no. 2 SE-Articles, Jun 2023, doi: 10.22146/ijpther.8279.
[16] G. Furlan, J. B. da Silva, dan M. L. Bruschi, “Improvement of the mechanical, rheological and bioadhesive properties of environmentally responsive systems containing different cellulose derivatives for quercetin topical application,” Materials Today Communications, vol. 42, hal. 111420, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2024.111420.
[17] K. Dirga, M. Buana, N. Luh, G. Wiwin, dan A. I. Suryani, “Effect of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Concentration Variations as a Gelling Agent on the Physical Quality of Hydrogel Formulations Containing Ethanol Extract of Impatiens balsamina L . Herb,” vol. 10, hal. 267–277, 2025.
[18] D. Puspitasari, D. W. A. Cristy, dan F. A. Langu, “Optimization of PVA and HPMC in Peel-off Gel Face Mask Containing Beluntas Leaf Extract (Pluchea indica L.) Using the Simplex Lattice Design Method,” PHARMADEMICA : Jurnal Kefarmasian dan Gizi, vol. 5, no. 2 SE-Articles, hal. 208–220, Mar 2026, doi: 10.54445/pharmademica.v5i2.158.
Published
2026-05-31
Section
Articles
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