FORMULATION OF LOZENGE TABLET WITH ETHANOL EXTRACT OF MORINGA LEAVES (Moringa Oleifera Lamk.) USING VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF MANITOL AND SUCROSE ON PHYSICAL QUALITY AND PALATABILITY AS AN ANTIOXIDANT
Abstract
Moringa (Moringa Oleifera Lamk.) is a green vegetable tree widely cultivated in Asia, including Indonesia. Moringa leaves (Moringa Oleifera Lamk.) are rich in flavonoids, polyphenols, lycopene, and β-carotene. The main flavonoid found in Moringa Oleifera Lamk. is quercetin. Lozenges are tablets designed to interact directly in the mouth, providing therapeutic effects on areas affected by mouth ulcers. This study aims to examine the formulation of lozenges made from ethanolic extract of Moringa leaves (Moringa Oleifera Lamk.) with varying combinations of mannitol and sucrose to improve physical quality and palatability as an antioxidant.
The method for extracting Moringa leaves uses maceration, and the lozenges are made using wet granulation. The formulation of lozenges containing Moringa leaf extract (Moringa Oleifera Lamk.) with varying combinations of mannitol and sucrose fillers consists of 3 formulas: FI (75%: 25%), FII (50%: 50%), FIII (25%: 75%). The tests conducted for the lozenge formulation include physical quality testing of the tablets, palatability testing, and antioxidant testing of the lozenges containing Moringa leaf extract (Moringa Oleifera Lamk.). The data obtained is analyzed by comparing it with the literature and evaluated statistically.
The results of the study show that all three formulas the requirements for the physical quality tests of granules and sucking tablets according to the Indonesian Pharmacopoeia Edition V. However, in the hardness test, all formulas did not meet the required standards, and in the taste acceptance test, only Formula II (FII) and Formula III (FIII) had an acceptable taste. The antioxidant activity test of the sucking tablet of ethanol extract of moringa leaves showed active antioxidant properties, with IC50 values for Formula I (FI), Formula II (FII), and Formula III (FIII) of 112.3239 µg/mL, 122.0395 µg/mL, and 117.8111 µg/mL, respectively, while the IC50 of Vitamin C was 2.1736 µg/mL.
References
[2] S. Winarti, Makanan Fungsional. Yogyakarta: Graha Ilmu, 2010.
[3] N. Jusnita and W. Syurya, “Karakterisasi Nanoemulsi Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lamk.),” J. Sains Farm. Klin., vol. 6, pp. 16–24, 2019. Doi: https://doi.org/10.25077/jsfk.6.1.16-24.2019
[4] Y. D. N. H. A. K. L. K. D. S. Anas, “Aktivitas Antidiare Ekstrak Etanol Daun Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) dan Daun Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Wild.) Pada Mencit Jantan Galur Balb/C,” pp. 33–41, 2016. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/jiffk.v13i1.1445
[5] Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, Formularium Ramuan Obat Tradisional. Jakarta: Kemenkes RI, 2017.
[6] W. Djoko, S. Taurhesia, R. Djamil, and P. Simajuntak, “Standarisasi Ekstrak Etanol Herba Pegagan (Centella asiatica),” J. Ilmu Kefarmasian, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 1–6, 2020, e-ISSN: 2776-1878, p-ISSN: 2086-7816. Doi: https://doi.org/10.37277/sfj.v13i2.765
[7] Ditjen POM, Inventaris Tanaman Obat Indonesia (I), Jilid II. Jakarta, 2008.
[8] N. P. S. E. Cahyani et al., “Karakteristik dan Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol 70% Batang Kepuh (Sterculia foetida L.),” J. Kimia, vol. 13, no. 1, p. 22, 2019. Doi: 10.24843/JCHEM.2019.v13.i01.p04
[9] R. Nugrahani, Y. Andayani, and A. Hakim, “Skrining Fitokimia Dari Ekstrak Buah Buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris) Dalam Sediaan Serbuk,” J. Penelit. Pendidik. IPA, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 96–103, 2016. Doi: 10.29303/jppipa.v2i1.38
[10] Departemen Kesehatan RI, Farmakope Indonesia, Edisi IV. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 1995.
[11] D. Yuliastuti, W. Y. Sari, and D. Islamiyati, “Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak dan Fraksi Etanol 70% Daging Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya L.),” Media Informasi, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 110–114, 2019. Doi: 10.37160/bmi.v15i2.391
[12] T. R. Sawiji, M. Murrukmihadi, and S. Aisyah, “Formulasi Tablet Kunyah Ekstrak Kelopak Bunga Rosella (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.) Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Pengikat PVP Sebagai Bahan Pengikat Terhadap Sifat Fisiknya,” Acta Holistica Pharmaciana, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–8, 2019, ISSN 2656-8233. DOI: https://doi.org/10.62857/ahp.v1i1.3
[13] A. Najihudin, D. A. Nuari, D. Caroline, and F. P. Sriarumtias, “Formulasi dan Evaluasi Tablet Hisap Ekstrak Etanol Daun Cincau Hijau (Premna oblongata Miq) sebagai Antioksidan,” Fitofarmaka: J. Ilm. Farmasi, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 76–86, 2021. DOI : 10.33751/jf.v11i1.2665
[14] I. Pertiwi, S. Sriwidodo, and B. Nurhadi, “Formulasi dan Evaluasi Tablet Hisap Mengandung Zat Aktif Bersifat Higroskopis,” Majalah Farmasetika, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 70–84, 2020. doi: 10.24198/mfarmasetika.v6i1.27419.
[15] R. A. Sadeli, “Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Dengan Metode DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhidrazyl) Ekstrak Bromelain Buah Nanas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.),” Skripsi, Universitas Sanata Dharma, 2016.
[16] M. N. Fauzi and J. Santoso, “Uji Kualitatif dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanolik Buah Maja (Aegle marmelos (L.) Correa) dengan Metode DPPH,” Journal Riset Farmasi, 2021. doi: 10.29313/jrf.v1i1.25.
[17] A. F. Lubis, S. Purwaningsih, and K. Tarman, “Aktivitas Antioksidan Pada Formula Tablet Teripang Keling (Holothuria atra),” Berkala Perikanan Terubuk, vol. 44, no. 2, pp. 51–69, 2016.
[18] F. Anwar, S. Latif, M. Ashraf, and A. H. Gilani, “Moringa oleifera: A food plant with multiple medicinal uses,” Phytotherapy Research, vol. 21, pp. 17–25, 2007.
[19] P. Molyneux, “The use of the stable free radical diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) for estimating antioxidant activity,” Journal Science of Technology, vol. 26, no. 2, 2004.
[20] R. Voight, Buku Teknologi Sediaan Farmasi, 5th ed., S. Noerono, Trans. Yogyakarta, Indonesia: Gadjah Mada University Press, 1994.
[21] Gibson, Pharmaceutical Preformulation and Formulation: A Practical Guide from Candidate Drug Selection to Commercial Dosage Form, CRC Press LLC, Florida, USA, 2004.
[22] A. Fudholi, “Metodologi Formulasi dalam Kompresi Direk,” Majalah Medika, pp. 586–587, 1983.
[23] T. Murini, M. S. H. Wahyuningsih, A. Fudholi, and T. B. T. Satoto, “Optimization of Formula Granule of Lempuyang Gajah (Zingiber zerumbet (L) J.E. Smith) Rhizome Purified Extract as a Larvicide,” Majalah Obat Tradisional, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 34–41, 2020. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.48754.
[24] M. E. Aulton, Pharmaceutics: The Science of Dosage Form, 2nd ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2002.
[25] V. Elisabeth, P. V. Y. Yamlean, and H. S. Supriati, “Formulasi sediaan granul dengan bahan pengikat pati kulit pisang goroho (Musa acumunafe L.) dan pengaruhnya pada sifat fisik granul,” Pharmacon, vol. 7, no. 4, pp. 1–11, 2018.
[26] M. W. Rori, P. V. Yamlean, and S. Sudewi, “Formulasi dan evaluasi sediaan tablet ekstrak daun gedi hijau (Albemoschus manihot) dengan metode granulasi basah,” Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi-UNSRAT, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 243–250, 2016.
[27] A. M. Khan, R. B. Shah, and M. A. Tawakkul, “Comparative evaluation of flow for pharmaceutical powders and granules,” AAPS PharmSciTech, vol. 9, no. 1, 2008, doi: 10.1208/s12249-008-9046-8.
[28] O. P. Purba, R. Sari, and A. Fahrurroji, “Formulasi sediaan tablet kunyah ekstrak etanol daun sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Ness.) dengan variasi pengisi manitol-sukrosa menggunakan metode granulasi basah,” Jurnal Mahasiswa Farmasi Fakultas Kedokteran, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1–17, 2014. [Online]. Available: https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jmfarmasi/article/view/8159.
[29]. Kuswahyuning and S. Soebagyo, “Pengaruh laktosa dan povidon dalam formula tablet ekstrak Kaempferia galanga L. secara granulasi basah,” Majalah Farmasi Indonesia, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 110–115, 2005.
[30] L. Lachman, H. A. Lieberman, and J. L. Kanig, Teori dan Praktek Farmasi Industri, 3rd ed., Suyatmi, Trans. Jakarta: UI Press, 1994.
[31] E. L. Parrott, Pharmaceutical Technology Fundamental Pharmaceutics, 3rd ed. Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing Company, 1971.
[32] A. Goenharto et al., "Peranan Dekstrosa dan Sukrosa Dalam Pembuatan Minuman Probiotik Di PT Yakult Indonesia Persada," Laporan Penelitian, vol. 031, pp. 1–38, 2021.
[33] Zuhra, et al., "Aktivitas Antioksidan Senyawa Flavonoid dari Daun Katuk (Sauropus androgonus (L) Merr.)," Jurnal Biologi Sumatera, vol. 3, no. 1, 2008.
