Antibacterial Activity Test of Combination of Cherry Leaf (Mutingia calabura L) and Moringa Leaf (Moringa oleifera L.) Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria
Abstract
Cherry leaves (Muntingia calabura L.) and Moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera L.) contain compounds that have antibacterial properties, including flavonoids, saponins, tannins, and alkaloids. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of a combination of cherry and moringa leaf extracts in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus. The method used in this study was dilution and disc diffusion method. The most effective combinations were then subjected to paper tape tests to determine the pattern of synergistic, additive, or antagonistic combinations. Data results were analyzed with SPSS test. The study showed that cherry leaf extract had an MIC value of 10% and moringa leaf had an MIC of 5%. In the dilution test, the most effective inhibition diameter was the combination (1:2) with a diameter of 19.06 ± 0.37. The effect of the combination (1:2) showed a synergistic combination pattern.
Keywords:
Staphylococcus aureus, Muntingia calabura L., Moringa oleifera L., Combination of extract, Antibacterial activity
References
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[25] Nurafifah, D. A., Widyastuti, D. A., & Minarti, I. B. (2021). Activity of Moringa oleifera seed ethanolic extract against E. coli. Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET), 3(2)
[26] Vinca, D. T., Iqbal, M., Triyandi, R., & Oktarlina, R. Z. (2023). Artikel Review: Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Medical Profession Journal of Lampung, 13(4), 649-654.
[27] Nassarawa, S. S., Nayik, G. A., Gupta, S. D., Areche, F. O., Jagdale, Y. D., Ansari, M. J., & Alotaibi, S. S. (2023). Chemical aspects of polyphenol-protein interactions and their antibacterial activity. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(28), 9482-9505.
[28] Zhou, J., Cai, Y., Liu, Y., An, H., Deng, K., Ashraf, M. A., & Wang, J. (2022). Breaking down the cell wall: Still an attractive antibacterial strategy. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 952633.
[2] Singh, S. P., Qureshi, A., & Hassan, W. (2021). Mechanisms of Action by Antimicrobial Agents: A. structure, 2, 6.
[3] Kalyani, P., & Das, R. J. (2013). Herbal medicine-a rational approach in health care system. International Journal of Herbal Medicine, 1(3), 86-89.
[4] Dewi, D. S., Hasanah, D. N., Agustina, R. A., Rahmadani, N. A., & Primastuti, A. M.(2024). Training on Food Processing Based on Local Food cherry Leaves to Encourage Healthy Lifestyle. Journal Inclusive Society Community Servies, 2(2), 1-9.
[5] Wulandari, A., Farida, Y., & Taurhesia, S. (2020). Perbandingan aktivitas ekstrak daun kelor dan teh hijau serta kombinasi sebagai antibakteri penyebab jerawat. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia, 7(2), 23-29.
[6] Kolberg, M., Paur, I., Balstad, T. R., Pedersen, S., Jacobs Jr, D. R., & Blomhoff, R. (2013). Plant extracts of spices and coffee synergistically dampen nuclear factor– in U937cells. Nutrition research, 33(10), 817-830
[7] Aiyegoro, O. A., & Okoh, A. I. (2009). Use of bioactive plant products in combination with standard antibiotics: Implications in antimicrobial chemotherapy. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 3(13), 1147-1152.
[8] Agustina, W., Nurhamidah, N., & Handayani, D. (2017). Skrining fitokimia dan aktivitas antioksidan beberapa fraksi dari kulit batang jarak (Ricinus communis L.). Alotrop, (2).
[9] Fajriah, S., & Megawati, M. (2015). Penapisan fitokimia dan uji toksisitas dari daun myristica fatua houtt. Chimica et Natura Acta, 3(3).
[10] Rachmad, B., Apriani, A., & Afiyah, I. (2022). Identifikasi Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Pada Tombol Elevator/Lift di Gedung Fakultas Kedokteran dan Ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Atma Jaya Jakarta. Jurnal Kesehatan Terapan, 9(1), 21-27.
[11] Elvira, E., Puspawati, N., & Wibawa, D. A. A. (2017). Identifikasi Staphylococcus aureus dan Uji Sensitivitas terhadap Antibiotik dari Sampel Darah Pasien Sepsis di RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Biomedika, 10(1), 23-29.
[12] Nurjannah, I., Mustariani, B. A. A., & Suryani, N. (2022). Phytochemical Screening And Antibacterial Test Combination Of Kaffir Lime Leaves (Citrus Hystrix) And Moringa Leaves (Moringa Oliefera L.) Extracts As Active Substances In Antibacterial Soap. Spin Jurnal kimia & Pendidikan Kimia, 4(1), 23-36.
[13] Sukarsih, Y., Arfiansyah, R., Roska, T. P., Murdifin, M., Kasim, S., & Nainu, F.(2021). Protective effect of ethanol extract of legundi (Vitex trifolia L.) leaves against Staphylococcus aureus in Drosophila infection model. Biointerface Res. Appl. Chem, 11, 13989-13996.
[14] Setyowati, R., Indrayati, A., & Sari, G. N. F. (2024). Pengaruh Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Beluntas (Pluchea indica Less.) dan Daun Sukun (Artocarpus altilis (Park.) Fosberg) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. Lumbung Farmasi: Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian, 5(1), 45-52.
[15] Agustine, L., Okfrianti, Y., & Jumiyati, J. (2018). Identifikasi total bakteri asam laktat (BAL) pada yoghurt dengan variasi sukrosa dan susu skim. Jurnal Dunia Gizi, 1(2), 79-83.
[16] Fevria, R., & Hartanto, I. (2020, October). Isolation and Characterization of Lactic Acid Bacteria (Lactobacillus sp) from Sauerkraut with the Addition of Sugar. In The 1st Progress in Science and Technology Research Symposium (pp. 19-23).
[17] Fernandes Queiroga Moraes, G., Cordeiro, L. V., & de Andrade Júnior, F. P. (2021). Main laboratory methods used for the isolation and identification of Staphylococcus spp. Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Químico-Farmacéuticas, 50(1), 5-28.
[18] Toelle, N. N., & Lenda, V. (2014). Identifikasi dan karakteristik Staphylococcus Sp. Dan Streptococcus Sp. dari infeksi ovarium pada ayam petelur komersial. Jurnal Ilmu Ternak, 1(7), 32-37.
[19] Hayati, L. N., Tyasningsih, W., Praja, R. N., Chusniati, S., Yunita, M. N., & Wibawati, P. A. (2019). Isolasi dan identifikasi Staphylococcus aureus pada susu kambing peranakan etawah penderita mastitis subklinis di Kelurahan Kalipuro, Banyuwangi. Jurnal Medik Veteriner, 2(2), 76-8
[20] Maimunah, S., Harefa, K., Yuliana, A., Ritonga, A. H., & Hulu, A. (2019). UJI Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun cherry (Muntingia Calabura L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan1Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Jurnal Farmanesia, 6(2), 101-108
[21] Pratiwi, Yani, Asyari Al-Hutama Azis, Muh Fadhil As' ad, and Magfirly Utami Kastin. "Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) Sebagai Anti Acne Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis. "Jurnal Farmasi Pelamonia/Journal Pharmacy Of Pelamonia 4, no. 1 (2024): 41-48.
[22] Manik, D. F., Hertiani, T., & Anshory, H. (2014). Analisis korelasi antara kadar flavonoid dengan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol dan fraksi-fraksi daun cherry (Muntingia calabura L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Khazanah: Jurnal Mahasiswa, 1-12.
[23] Suriyaprom, S., Mosoni, P., Leroy, S., Kaewkod, T., Desvaux, M., & Tragoolpua, Y. (2022). Antioxidants of fruit extracts as antimicrobial agents against pathogenic bacteria. Antioxidants, 11(3), 602.
[24] Bilal, M., Rasheed, T., Iqbal, H. M., Hu, H., Wang, W., & Zhang, X. (2017). Macromolecular agents with antimicrobial potentialities: A drive to combat antimicrobial resistance. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 103, 554-574.
[25] Nurafifah, D. A., Widyastuti, D. A., & Minarti, I. B. (2021). Activity of Moringa oleifera seed ethanolic extract against E. coli. Advance Sustainable Science, Engineering and Technology (ASSET), 3(2)
[26] Vinca, D. T., Iqbal, M., Triyandi, R., & Oktarlina, R. Z. (2023). Artikel Review: Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Medical Profession Journal of Lampung, 13(4), 649-654.
[27] Nassarawa, S. S., Nayik, G. A., Gupta, S. D., Areche, F. O., Jagdale, Y. D., Ansari, M. J., & Alotaibi, S. S. (2023). Chemical aspects of polyphenol-protein interactions and their antibacterial activity. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 63(28), 9482-9505.
[28] Zhou, J., Cai, Y., Liu, Y., An, H., Deng, K., Ashraf, M. A., & Wang, J. (2022). Breaking down the cell wall: Still an attractive antibacterial strategy. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 952633.
Published
2025-07-23
How to Cite
Rohmawati, L., Rahmawati, I., & Rejeki, E. (2025). Antibacterial Activity Test of Combination of Cherry Leaf (Mutingia calabura L) and Moringa Leaf (Moringa oleifera L.) Extracts Against Staphylococcus aureus Bacteria. Journal of Pharmaceutical Researchers, 3(3), 23-33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31001/jpr.v2i3.2738
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Article
