Formulation and Antibacterial Activity Test Of Green Tea Leave (Camellia sinensis L.) Ethanol Extract Serum with Variation Concentrations of Xanthan Gum Against Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 11827

Cipta Karolina; Desi Purwaningsih; siti aisiyah

Abstract

Green tea leaves contain secondary metabolites of the flavonoid group (catechins), alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and tannins which have an antibacterial activity that causes acne. Anti-acne from green tea leaf ethanol extract was developed in serum preparations to facilitate topical use. This study aims to determine the effect of varying concentrations of xanthan gum on physical quality, stability, and antibacterial activity and determine which formula has good physical quality and stability and can inhibit P. acnes bacteria effectively.

Green tea leaves were extracted by the maceration method using 96% ethanol formulated into three formulas with 8% green tea leaf extract concentration and variation of xanthan gum concentration, respectively 1; 1,2; and 1.4%. The serum preparations were tested for organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, dispersibility, adhesion, and stability, then continued with the antibacterial activity test was continued using the hole method. The data were then subjected to a statistical analysis test using the SPSS program.

The results showed that serum preparations of green tea leaf extract concentration of 8% with 1% and 1.2% variations of xanthan gum concentrations had good physical quality and stability. The inhibition power of serum preparations against P. acnes bacteria in F1 is 15.42 mm, F2 is 15.31 mm, F3 is 13.97 mm, and K(-) is 2.57 mm. The results also showed that formula 1 with a 1% concentration of xanthan gum in the serum had the best physical quality and stability and effectively inhibited P. acnes bacteria.

keywords: Propionibacterium acnes, Camellia sinensis L., serum, xanthan gum

Keywords: Propionibacterium acnes, Camellia sinensis L., serum, xanthan gum

References

Okoro, E, Ogunbiyi, A, George, A. 2016. ‘Prevalence and pattern of acne vulgaris among adolescents in Ibadan, south-west Nigeria’. Journal of the Egyptian Women’s Dermatologic Society, 13(1), 7–12.
[2] Lusita, S. 2010. Hubungan Antara Jenis Mikroorganisme yang Ditemukan pada Acne Lesi dengan Bentuk Lesi Acne. Tesis. Universitas Andalas Padang.
[3] Movita, T. 2013. Acne vulgaris. Continuing Medical Education, 40(4), 269-272.
[4] Astutiningsih C, Setyani W & Hindratna H. 2014. Uji Daya Antibakteri dan Identifikasi Isolat Senyawa Katekin Dari Daun Teh (Camellia sinensis L. var Assamica). Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas, 11(2).
[5] Sitinjak, Feggy Yustika. 2019. Formulasi Sediaan Sabun Cair Ekstrak Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze) Merek A dan Uji Aktivitasnya Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Sumatera Utara; Skripsi Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Sumatera Utara.
[6] Siriwong S, Teethaisong Y, Thumanu K, Dunkhunthod B, Eumkeb G. 2016. The Synergy and Mode of Action of Quercetin Plus Amoxicillin Against Amoxicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology, 17 (39).
[7] Harjanti, R., Anita N. 2020. Aktivitas antioksidan dan potensi tabir surya serum ekstrak terpurifikasi daun wangon (Olax psittacorum (Willd.) Vahl.). Jurnal Farmasi Indonesia, 17(1), 18 – 28.
[8] Ariyanti, E. L., Handayani, R. P., & Yanto, E. S. 2020. Formulasi Sediaan Serum Antioksidan Dari Ekstrak Sari Tomat (Solanum lycopersicum L.) dan Ekstrak Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) Sebagai Perawatan Kulit. Journal of Holistic and Health Sciences, 4(1), 50-57.
[9] Sarker., Zahid Latif., Alexander Gray. 2006. Natural Product Isolation 2nd Humana Press Inc, Totowa, New Jersey.
[10]. Agustina, 2016, Skrining Fitokimia Tanaman Obat Di Kabupaten Bima. Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia Jurusan Pendidikan MIPA STKIP Bima, Cakra Kimia (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Volume 4, Nomor 1.
[11] Yanti S, Vera Y. 2019. Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Daun Belimbing Wuluh (Averrhoa bilimbi L.). Jurnal Kesehatan Ilmiah Indonesia, 4(2).
[12] Ghosal, M. & Mandal, P. 2012. Phytochemical screening and antioxidant activities of two selected “Bihi” fruits used as vegetables in Darjeeling Himalaya. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. 4(2)
[13]. Adjeng, A., Hairah, S., Herman, S., Ruslin., Fitrawan, M., Sartinah, A., Muhammad, N., Sabarudin. 2019. Skrining Fitokimia dan evaluasi sediaan sabun cair ekstrak etanol 96% kulit buah pondoh (Salacca zalacca) (Gaertn). Voss.) sebagai Antioksidan. Jurnal Farmasi,Sains, dan kesehatan, 5(2).
[14] Prihanto, A. A., Fatchiyah, A., Kartikaningsih, H., & Pradarameswari, K. A. 2018. Identifikasi Bakteri Endofit Mangrove Api-Api Putih (Avicennia marina) Penghasil Enzim L-asparaginase [Identification of Mangrove Endophyte Bacteria of Api-Api Putih (Avicennia marina) as Producing L-asparaginase Enzyme]. Jurnal Ilmiah Perikanan dan Kelautan, 10(2), 84-90.
[15] Ibrahim, A., Fridayanti, A., & Delvia, F. 2017. Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dari buah mangga (Mangifera indica L.). Jurnal Ilmiah Manuntung, 1(2), 159-163.
[16] Widyaningrum N. 2013. Epigallocatechin3-Gallate (EGCG) Pada Daun Teh Hijau Sebagai Anti Jerawat. Majalah Farmasi dan Farmakologi. 17(3), 96.
[17] Agustina. 2016. Skrining Fitokimia Tanaman Obat Di Kabupaten Bima. Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia Jurusan Pendidikan MIPA STKIP Bima, Cakra Kimia (Indonesian E-Journal of Applied Chemistry) Volume 4, Nomor 1.
[18] Indriaty S, Rizikiyan Y, Firmansyah D. 2019. Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Gel Antiaging dari Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Agent Carbomer 940 1%, 1,25%, 1,5%, dan 1,75%. Journal of Pharmacopolium. 2(2).
[19] Fitriyanti, F., Hafizudin, M., & Nazarudin, M. (2020). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix (DC)) Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Jurnal Ilmiah Ibnu Sina, 5(1), 37-43.
[20] Kementerian Kesehatan RI. 2017. Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Edisi II. Kemenkes RI. Jakarta.
[21] Lestari, F. D. 2018. Identifikasi Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes yang Berasal dari Ulkus Diabetikum Derajat III dan IV Wagner. Jurnal Mahasiswa Farmasi Fakultas Kedokteran UNTAN, 3(1).
[22] Naibaho, D.H., Yamkan, V,Y., Weni, Wiyono. 2013. Pengaruh Basis Salep Terhadap Formulasi Sediaan Salep Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocinum sanchum L.) pada Kulit Punggung. Pharmacon. 2(2):27-33
[23] Ramadhan, K., Windi, A., & Esti, W. 2015. Kajian Pengaruh Variasi Penambahan Xanthan Gum terhadap Sifat fisik dan Kimia serta Organoleptik Fruit Leather Kulit Buah Naga Daging Super Merah (Hylocereus costaricensis). Jurnal Teknologi Hasil Pertanian, 8(2), 115-122.Raymon, M., Taebe, B., Ali, A., Khairrudin. 2016. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Buah Sawo Manila (Achras zapota L.) dengan Berbagai Cairan Penyari Terhadap Salmonella typhimurium. Jurnal of Pharmmaceutical and Medicinal Sciences 1(1): 6-11.
[24] Wijayanti, C.A., Faizatun. 2011. Formulasi Sediaan Serum Gel Vitamin C dan Vitamin E Menggunakan HPMC (Hydroxy Propyl Methyl Cellulosa) sebagai Gelling Agent. Jakarta: Universitas Pancasila
[25] Pudyastuti, B., Marchaban, M., & Kuswahyuning, R. 2015. Pengaruh konsentrasi Xanthan Gum Terhadap Stabilitas Fisik Krim Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO). Jurnal Farmasi Sains dan Komunitas (Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Komunitas), 12 (1).
[26] Garg, A., Aggarwal, D., Garg, S., dan Singla, A. K. 2002. Spreading of semisolid formulations: An update. Pharmaceutical Technology North America, 26(9), 84–105.
[27] Sayuti, K., Rina Yenrina. 2015 Antioksidan Alami dan Sintetik; Andalas Univesity Press: Padang.
[28] Putra, M.M., Dewantara, I G.N.A, Swastini, D. 2014. Pengaruh Lama Penyimpanan Terhadap Nilai pH Sediaan Cold Cream Kombinasi Ekstrak Kulit Buah Manggis, Herba Pegagan dan Daun Gaharu. Jurnal Farmasi Fakultas Matematika Dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Universitas Udayana, 3,20.
[29] Mursyid, A. M. 2017. Evaluasi Stabilitas Fisik Dan Profil Difusi Sediaan Gel (Minyak Zaitun). Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia, 4(1), 205–211.
[30] Davis and Stout. Disc Plate Method of Microbiological Antibiotic Essay. Journal of Microbiology. 1971;22(4)
[31] Nuralifah, N., Armadany, F., Parawansah, P., & Pratiwi, A. 2019. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Sediaan Krim Anti Jerawat Ekstrak Etanol Terpurifikasi Daun Sirih (Piper betle L.) dengan Basis Vanishing Cream Terhadap Propionibacterium acne. Pharmauho: Jurnal Farmasi, Sains, dan Kesehatan, 4(2).
[32] Suriani, S., Soemarno, S., & Suharjono, S. 2013. Pengaruh Suhu & pH Terhadap Laju Pertumbuhan Lima Isolat Bakteri Anggota Genus Pseudomonas Yang Diisolasi Dari Ekosistem Sungai Tercemar Deterjen Di Sekitar Kampus Universitas Brawijaya. Indonesian Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development, 4(1).