Redesigning Low Cost Smart Walking Cane for Visually Impaired Individuals Using Design to Cost

Abstract

Mobility and independence remain significant challenges for individuals with visual impairments, particularly due to the limited availability of affordable assistive technologies. This study presents the redesign of a low-cost smart walking cane using the Design to Cost (DTC) approach, which emphasizes cost as a key design constraint without compromising essential functionality. The research methodology includes user needs analysis, concept development, material and component selection, prototyping, and performance testing. The proposed cane integrates a PVC shaft, an ultrasonic sensor, an Arduino Nano microcontroller, and a vibration motor to provide tactile feedback when obstacles are detected within a range of 2–30 cm. The prototype demonstrates responsive performance, ease of use, and ergonomic suitability, with an estimated production cost of approximately IDR 120,000, making it accessible to low-income users. Despite its effectiveness, the system is limited by a short detection range and the absence of advanced navigation features. Overall, this study highlights that simple and cost-efficient design strategies can produce functional assistive devices, contributing to improved safety, independence, and quality of life for visually impaired individuals, while offering a foundation for future development of more advanced and inclusive mobility aids.