Development of a Fuel Consumption Optimization Model for Coal-Fired Power Plants Based on Electricity Generation in the Java–Bali Power System

  • Muhammad Alif Ihsan Program Studi D3 Teknik Industri, Politeknik Meta Industri Cikarang
  • Zara Safira Ramadhani Program Studi Teknologi Industri Pertanian, Universitas Internasional Semen Indonesia
  • Wan Habibi Rahman Barus Program Studi D4 Teknologi Rekayasa Logistik, Politeknik Meta Industri Cikarang
  • Nadiya Maharani Program Studi D4 Teknologi Rekayasa Logistik, Politeknik Meta Industri Cikarang
DOI: https://doi.org/10.31001/tekinfo.v15i1.2953

Abstract

The current state of Indonesia's power system still predominantly uses coal as fuel. On the other hand, there are demands for cost efficiency and emission reduction. The Java-Bali system, which is a national burden, faces the need for more efficient management of coal-fired power plants, especially when the available capacity must meet existing demand. An approach that can be applied is the allocation of production between PLTU operators based on coal consumption efficiency without adding coal capacity. This study aims to minimize coal consumption at the Java-Bali PLTU by developing an optimization model. Energy production and coal consumption at Indonesia Power and Nusantara Power operators are processed into specific coal consumption (specific fuel consumption/SFC). Indonesia Power's SFC is 613.70 tons/GWh and Nusantara Power's is 571.54 tons/GWh. The model uses linear programming with decision variables for energy allocation E1 and E2, an objective function to minimize Z, energy fulfillment constraints, and capacity limits. This study uses comparisons with D+5% and D+10% scenarios to see if there are any changes in energy use.. The results show that the optimization prioritizes Nusantara Power with energy production optimization at a demand of 7000 GWh with coal consumption of 41752584 tons. The optimization of the allocation of Indonesia Power operators is 41,384.82 GWh and Nusantara Power is 28,615.18. This model can be used as an initial tool for coal-fired power plants to optimize fuel efficiency and analyze operator scenarios. In addition, this model can help operators prioritize units with low SFC at normal loads.

Keywords: Coal, Model, Optimization, Coal-Fired Power Plant

References

Al-subhi, A. (2022) ‘Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems Dynamic Economic Load Dispatch Using Linear Programming and Mathematical-Based Models’, 9(3), pp. 606–614.

Alber, I.D. and Kiono, B.F.T. (2022) ‘Analisis Pengaruh Perubahan Pembebanan Listrik Terhadap Konsumsi Spesifik Bahan Bakar Pembangkitan, Heat Rate dan Efisiensi Pada Unit 1 PLTU Kendari-3’, Jurnal Energi Baru dan Terbarukan, 3(3), pp. 179–186. Available at: https://doi.org/10.14710/jebt.2022.13371.

ASTARI, Y.P. (2025) EFISIENSI BIAYA PEMBANGKIT (ECONOMIC DISPATCH) JAWA-BALI MENGGUNAKAN METODE ALGORITMA GENETIKA DAN ANFIS. Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang.

Cahya, D.W.I., Saputra, A. and Garniwa, I.W.A. (2024) ‘Analisis Fleksibilitas Sistem Tenaga Listrik Jawa , Madura , dan Bali karena Integrasi yang Masif dari Pembangkit VRE’, 12(3), pp. 640–655.

Farizal, F. et al. (2016) ‘Optimization of Electricity Generation Schemes in the Java-Bali Grid System with Co2 Reduction Consideration’, Makara Journal of Technology, 20(2), p. 49. Available at: https://doi.org/10.7454/mst.v20i2.3056.

Ihsan, B., Hamdani, D. and Hariyanto, N. (2020) ‘Pengaruh Strategi Pengisian Daya Terhadap Kenaikan Beban Puncak Akibat Penetrasi Kendaraan Listrik’, Jurnal Nasional Teknik Elektro dan Teknologi Informasi, 9(3), pp. 311–318. Available at: https://doi.org/10.22146/.v9i3.363.

Lindberg, K.B. et al. (2019) ‘Long-term electricity load forecasting : Current and future trends’, Utilities Policy, 58(April), pp. 102–119. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jup.2019.04.001.

Muslim, P.A. and Hastuti, I.S. (2024) ‘ANALYZING INDONESIA ’ S SUSTAINABLE ENERGY TRANSITION THROUGH THE JUST ENERGY TRANSITION PARTNERSHIP ( JETP )’, 14(1), pp. 1–13.

Nangoy, F. (2025) Indonesia plans to boost renewable usage in new electricity supply plan, Reuters. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/indonesia-plans-boost-renewable-usage-new-electricity-supply-plan-2025-02-11/ (Accessed: 7 December 2025).

Nurmayanti, L. and Sudrajat, A. (2021) ‘Implementasi linear programming metode simpleks pada home industry’, 13(3), pp. 431–438.

PLN (2024) Statistics pln 2024. Available at: https://web.pln.co.id/statics/uploads/2025/09/Statistik-PLN-2024-Ind-Eng.pdf.

Suhendar, S., Wanti Tusyani, I. and Alimuddin, A. (2014) ‘OPTIMASI PEMBAGIAN BEBAN PLTU SURALAYA MENGGUNAKAN METODE ANT COLONY OPTIMIZATION’.
Yadav, S., Kumar, P. and Kumar, A. (2024) ‘Techno-Economic and Sensitivity Analysis of Standalone Hybrid Energy System Using HOMER Software: A Case Study of Kanur Village in India BT - Decarbonisation and Digitization of the Energy System’, in A. Kumar, S.N. Singh, and P. Kumar (eds). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, pp. 271–287.
Published
2026-06-26
Issue
Vol 15 No 1 (2026)
Section
Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.