Development of Molecular Imprinted Polymer for Separation of Vitamin C in Multivitamins
Abstract
Vitamin C has chromophore group that can be analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, however if the complex matrix to be analyzed like multivitamins, a selective separation method is required to eliminate matrix interferences. One of the selective separation methods is Molecular Imprinted Polymer (MIP) which which hasn’t been widely used in multivitamin samples. The purpose of this study was to obtain selective MIP for separation of vitamin C in multivitamins..
Research methods included interaction observation of vitamin C with functional monomers using UV spectrophotometry, MIP was synthesized using bulk method for 24 hours at 60 °C. MIP was characterized using spectrophotometry, infrared and scanning electron microscopy MIP selectivity were determined by determination of imprinting factor and its recovery with the liquid-liquid extraction method (LLE) and SPE C18 for separation of vitamin C in multivitamin samples on the market using a validated method.
Hypsochromic shift showed interaction between vitamin C and functional monomers, which hydrogen bonds were taking role in MIP synthesis. Imprinting factor more than 1 and recovery value close to 100% indicated MIP selectivity to vitamin C. MIP-1 had the highest selectivity compared to the ECC and SPE C18 methods for separation of vitamin C in multivitamin samples with recovery of 98.17 ± 2.31%, 69.42 ± 3.01%, and 93.26±4.24% respectively. Synthesized MIP-1 was selective for the separation of vitamin C in multivitamins.
Keywords:
vitamin C, multivitamins, separation, MIP
References
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validation). Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian 2004; 1(3): 117-135. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v1i3.3375
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[2]. Gombart AF, Pierre A, Maggini S. A review of micronutrients and the immune system–working in harmony to reduce the risk of infection. Nutrients. 2020;12(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12010236
[3]. Shakoor H, Feehan J, Al AS, Ali HI, Platat C, Cheikh L, et al. Immune-boosting role of vitamins D , C , E , zinc , selenium and omega-3 fatty acids : Could they help against COVID-19 ? Maturitas. 2021;143:1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2020.08.003
[4]. Chambial S, Dwivedi S, Shukla KK, John PJ, Sharma P. Vitamin C in disease prevention and cure: An overview. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2013;28(4):314–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12291-013-0375-3
[5]. Schlueter AK, Johnston CS. Vitamin C: Overview and update. Complement Health Pract Rev. 2011;16(1):49–57. https://doi.org/10.1177/1533210110392951
[6]. Devaki SJ, Raveendran RL. Vitamin C: Sources, Functions, Sensing and Analysis. Vitam C. 2017;3–20. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.70162
[7]. Abobaker A, Alzwi A, Alraied AHA. Overview of the possible role of vitamin C in management of COVID-19. Pharmacol Reports. 2020;72(6):1517–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43440-020-00176-1
[8]. Carr AC, Rowe S. The emerging role of vitamin c in the prevention and treatment of covid-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(11):1–8. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12113286
[9]. Hoang BX, Shaw G, Fang W, Han B. Possible application of high-dose vitamin C in the prevention and therapy of coronavirus infection. JGAR. 2020;23:256-262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2020.09.025
[10]. Holford P, Carr AC, Jovic TH, Ali SR, Whitaker IS, Marik PE, et al. Vitamin C—An adjunctive therapy for respiratory infection, sepsis and COVID-19. Nutrients. 2020;12(12):1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12123760
[11]. Arayne MS, Najma S, Zakia B. Rapid and specific spectrophotometric and RP-HPLC methods for the determination of ascorbic acid in fruits juices and in human plasma. Vol. 31, Journal of the Chemical Society of Pakistan. 2009. p. 402–7.
[12]. Kumar KR, Praveen Kumar P, Mallikarjuna Rao N. Development and validation of RP-HPLC method for the estimation of ascorbic acid in health drinks. J Chem Pharm Res. 2011;3(3):363–74.
[13]. Rojeab Y, Hassoun M, Hazelet E, Myers D. HPLC Method Development and Validation for Simultaneous Quantification of Vitamins C and K 3 in Hard Gelatin Capsules for their Potential Benefit in Postoperative Total Joint Arthroplasty. Ann Clin Res Trials. 2017;1(2):1–7.
[14]. Kachhawah SS, Biswal B, Jain A. Method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of ascorbic acid and folic acid vitamins by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography method in cyanobacterial metabolites and nutraceutical formulation. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2016;9(3):9–11.
[15]. Mitić SS, Kostić DA, Nasković-Dokić DC, Mitic MN. Rapid and reliable HPLC method for the determination of vitamin C in pharmaceutical samples. Trop J Pharm Res. 2011;10(1):105–11. https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v10i1.66549
[16]. Jin P, Xia L, Li Z, Che N, Zou D, Hu X. Rapid determination of thiamine, riboflavin, niacinamide, pantothenic acid, pyridoxine, folic acid and ascorbic acid in Vitamins with Minerals Tablets by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2012;70:151–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2012.06.020
[17]. Tankiewicz M, Fenik J, Biziuk M. Solventless and solvent-minimized sample preparation techniques for determining currently used pesticides in water samples: A review. Talanta. 2011;86(1):8–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2011.08.056
[18]. Nells HJ, Merchle G, Lavens P, Sorgeloos P, De Leenheer AP. Solid-Phase Extraction of Ascorbic Acid 2-Sulfate from Cysts of the Brine Shrimp Artemia franciscana. Anal Chem. 1994;66(8):1330–3. https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00080a019
[19]. Tumbas VT, Dilas SM, Čanadanović-Brunet JM, Ćetković GS, Savatović SM. Solid-phase extraction of antioxidant compounds from commercial cranberry extract and its antiradical activity. Acta Period Technol. 2007;38:157–64. https://doi.org/10.2298/APT0738157T
[20]. Said KAM, Radzi Z, Yakub I, Amin MAM. Extraction and quantitative determination of ascorbic acid from banana peel Musa Acuminata “Kepok.” IIUM Eng J. 2016;17(1):103–14. https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v17i1.576
[21]. Stan M, Soran ML, Marutoiu C. Extraction and HPLC determination of the ascorbic acid content of three indigenous spice plants. J Anal Chem. 2014;69(10):998–1002. https://doi.org/10.1134/S106193481410013X
[22]. Legnerová Z, Šatínský D, Solich P. Using on-line solid phase extraction for simultaneous determination of ascorbic acid and rutin trihydrate by sequential injection analysis. Anal Chim Acta. 2003;497(1–2):165–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2003.07.007
[23]. Prasad BB, Srivastava S, Tiwari K, Sharma PS. Ascorbic acid sensor based on molecularly imprinted polymer-modified hanging mercury drop electrode. Mater Sci Eng C. 2009;29(4):1082–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2008.09.025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2008.09.025
[24]. Tiwari MP, Madhuri R, Kumar D, Jauhari D, Prasad BB. Double imprinting in a single molecularly imprinted polymer format for the determination of ascorbic acid and dopamine. Adv Mater Lett. 2011;2(4):276–80. https://doi.org/10.5185/amlett.indias.202
[25]. Roy AK, Nisha VS, Dhand C, Malhotra BD. Molecularly imprinted polyaniline film for ascorbic acid detection. J Mol Recognit. 2011;24(4):700–6. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmr.1104
[26]. Prasad BB, Tiwari K, Singh M, Sharma PS, Patel AK, Srivastava S. Molecularly imprinted polymer-based solid-phase microextraction fiber coupled with molecularly imprinted polymer-based sensor for ultratrace analysis of ascorbic acid. J Chromatogr A. 2008;1198–1199(1–2):59–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2008.05.059
[27]. Miller JN, Miller JC. Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry. 5th ed. Edinburgh. Pearson Prentice Hall. 2005.
[28]. Damayanti S, Gunawan U, Ibrahim S. Development of molecular imprinted polymer solid phase extraction for separation nitrofurantoin residue in chicken eggs. Asian J Pharm Clin Res. 2017;10(6):108–11. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i6.17109
[29]. Yan H, Kyung HR. Characteristic and synthetic approach of molecularly imprinted polymer. Int J Mol Sci. 2006;7(5–6):155–78. https://doi.org/10.3390/i7050155
[30]. Haupt K. Molecularly imprinted polymers in analytical chemistry. Analyst. 2001;126(6):747–56. https://doi.org/10.1039/b102799a
[31]. Hasanah AN, Sari TN, Wijaya N, Kartasasmita RE, Ibrahim S. Study of the binding ability of molecular imprinted solid phase extraction for glibenclamide by optimizing template: Monomer: Crosslinker ratio. Int J Chem Sci. 2014;12(3):863–70.
[32]. Lorenzo CA, Concheiro A. Handbook of Molecularly Imprinted
Polymer. United Kingdom: Smithers Rapra; 2013
[33]. Lorenzo RA, Carro AM, Lorenzo CA, Concheiro A. To remove or not to remove? The challenge of extracting the template to make the cavities available in molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(7):4327–47. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12074327
[34]. Vasapollo G, Sole R Del, Mergola L, Lazzoi MR, Scardino A, Scorrano S, et al. Molecularly imprinted polymers: Present and future prospective. Int J Mol Sci. 2011;12(9):5908–45. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms12095908
[35]. Simpson NJ. Solid-Phase Extraction: Principles, Techniques, and
Applications. California: Marcel Dekker; 2000. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420056242
[36]. Zhang W, She X, Wang L, Fan H, Zhou Q, Huang X, et al. Preparation, characterization and application of a molecularly imprinted polymer for selective recognition of sulpiride. Materials (Basel). 2017;10(5).
[37]. Harmita. Petunjuk pelaksanaan validasi metode dan Cara
Perhitungannya (Guideline and practical approach of analytical method
validation). Majalah Ilmu Kefarmasian 2004; 1(3): 117-135. https://doi.org/10.7454/psr.v1i3.3375
[38]. Golubitskii GB, Budko E V., Basova EM, Kostarnoi A V., Ivanov VM. Stability of ascorbic acid in aqueous and aqueous-organic solutions for quantitative determination. J Anal Chem. 2007;62(8):742–7. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1061934807080096
[39]. AOAC International. Appendix F: Guidelines for Standard Method Performance Requirements. AOAC Off Methods Anal. 2016;9.
[40]. Gustavo González A, Ángeles Herrador M. A practical guide to analytical method validation, including measurement uncertainty and accuracy profiles. TrAC - Trends Anal Chem. 2007;26(3):227–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trac.2007.01.009
Published
2021-04-05
Section
Articles
