Effect Etanol Extract of The Stalk Begonia multangula Blume Against Biofilm Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans
Abstract
Aggressive periodontitis is a type of peridontitis with rapid disease progression and destruction. One of the causes of aggressive periodontitis is the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm. Prevention of biofilm formation is one way to prevent aggressive periodontitis. The stalk of B. multangula Blume has antibacterial activity and has the potential to be used as an antibiofilm. This research aimed to determined antibiofilm activity of etanol extract of the stalk B. multangula Blume against A. actinomycetemcomitans..
This research used 5 concentration of extract (6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50% and 100%), Negative Control (Aquades sterile) and Positive Control (CHX 0,2%). Inhibition biofilm test using microtitter plate biofilm assay with crystal violet staining at anaerobic incubation for 24 hours and using microplate reader at 620 nm. One way ANOVA and post hoc LSD were used to analyze the differences in antibiofilm activity.
The result showed inhibition biofilm activity of A. actinomycetemcomitans by the extract increased as increasing of the concentration. The highest biofilm inhibition was at 100% (74,92%) of the extract concentration and Minimum Biofilm Inhibition Concentration 50 (MBIC50) against A. actinomycetemcomitans was found at 25% (54,42%) of the extract concentration. There were significant difference (p≤0,05) between treatment group of etanol extract (concentration 6,25%, 12,5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%) with negative control and there were no significant difference (p≥0,05) in the positive control with 50% and 100% of the extract concentration. This study concluded that there was an antibacterial activity etanol extract of the stalk B. multangula Blume against inhibition biofilm of A. actinomycetemcomitans.
Keywords:
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Aggresive periodontitis, Begonia multangula Blume, Biofilm
References
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[8] Siregar HM, Purwanto RS, Sudarmono, Agusta A. Pengungkapan potensi obat pada tiga jenis begonia terpilih (B. muricata Blume. B. multangulaBlume. B. ”Bacem Kebo”) melalui uji antibakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains 2. 2009.
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[11] Ahmad S. Efek ekstrak etanol daun teh hijau sebagai penghambat pembentukan biofilm pada bakteri Burkholideria cepacia secara in vitro. Tugas Akhir. Malang : Brawijaya University. 2017.
[12] Nor TA, Indriarini D, Koamesah Smj. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichiacoli secara in vitro. Cendana Medical Journal 2018;15:327–37.
[13] Marliana SD, Suryanti V, Suyono. Skrining Fitokimia dan Analisis Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Komponen Kimia Buah Labu Siam (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz.) dalam Ekstrak Etanol. Biofarmasi. 2005;3(1): 26-31.
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[15] Ismail, Y.S., Yulvizar, C. Putriani. Isolasi, Karakterisasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Fermentasi Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.). Jurnal Bioleuser 2017;1(2): 45-53.
[16] Yunus R, Mongan R. Cemaran Bakteri Gram Negatif pada Jajanan Siomay di Kota Kendari. Medical Laboratory Technology Journal 2017;3:87–92.
[17] Pargaputri AF, Munadziroh E, Indrawati R. Antibacterial effects of Pluchea indica Less leaf extract on E. faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum (in vitro). Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 2017;49:93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v49.i2.p93-98.
[18] Dinda AP, Asnani A, Anjarwati DU. The Activities of Streptomyces W-5A as Antibacterial and Antibiofilm towards Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 2983, Scitepress 2021:109–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5220/0010488601090115.
[19] Ruchi T, Sujata B, Anuradha D. Comparison of Phenotypic Methods for the Detection of Biofilm Production in Uro-Pathogens in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 2015;4(9): 840-849.
[20] Oettinger-Barak O, Dashper SG, Catmull D v., Adams GG, Sela MN, Machtei EE, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans JP2 in a biofilm. Journal of Oral Microbiology 2013;5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/jom.v5i0.20320.
[21] Hamzah H, Pratiwi SUT, Hertiani T. Efficacy of thymol and eugenol against polymicrobial biofilm. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy 2018;29:214–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjpharm29iss4pp221.
[22] Perangin-Angin Y, Purwaningrum Y, Asbur Y, Rahayu MS, Nurhayati. Pemanfataan Kandungan Metabolit Sekunder yang dihasilkan Tanaman pada Cekaman Biotik. Agriland 2019;7(1) : 39-47.
[23] Haqque N, Putri S, Nurdiwiyati D, Lestari S, Ramdhan B, Efendi M, et al. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Tangkai dan Daun Begonia Multangula Blume. terhadap Porphyromonas Gingivalis Antibacterial Activity of Begonia multangula Blume. Stem and Leaf Extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis. Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas (J Bio UA) 2019;7:51–8.
[24] di Domenico EG, Toma L, Provot C, Ascenzioni F, Sperduti I, Prignano G, et al. Development of an in vitro assay, based on the biofilm ring test®, for rapid profiling of biofilm-growing bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology 2016;7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01429.
[25] Górniak I, Bartoszewski R, Króliczewski J. Comprehensive review of antimicrobial activities of plant flavonoids. Phytochemistry Reviews 2019;18:241–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-018-9591-z.
[26] Dong S, Yang X, Zhao L, Zhang F, Hou Z, Xue P. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. husks against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Industrial Crops and Products 2020;149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112350.
[27] Lahiri D, Dash S, Dutta R, Nag M. Elucidating the effect of anti-biofilm activity of bioactive compounds extracted from plants. Journal of Biosciences 2019;44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-019-9868-4.
[28] Novita W. Uji aktivitas antibakteri fraksi daun sirih (Piper betle L) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro. Jambi Medical Journal 2016;4(2):140–155.
[29] Kining E, Falah S, Nurhidayat N. The in vitro antibiofilm activity of water leaf extract of papaya (Carica papaya L.) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Current Biochemistry 2016;2(3):150-163.
[30] Diana R, Joenoes H, Djais AA. The effect of curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanol extract on the viability of streptococcus mutans and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Dental biofilm research: In vitro study). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2017;10:30–3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s5.23087.
[31] Kunarti S, Subiwahjudi A, Dewi Tamara Yuanita R. Comparison of IPMP, Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorhexidine Gluconat Contained in Mouthwashes for Reducing Exopolysaccharide on Streptococcus Mutans Biofilms. 2017.
[32] Gary Kaplowitz by J, Cortell M. 4 CE credits Chlorhexidine: A Multi-Functional Antimicrobial Drug A Peer-Reviewed Publication Written Educational Objectives. 2008.
[33] Teanpaisan R, Kawsud P, Pahumunto N, Puripattanavong J. Screening for antibacterial and antibiofilm activity in Thai medicinal plant extracts against oral microorganisms. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2017;7:172–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.06.007.
[34] Gusri A. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol tangkai begonia (Begonia multangula Blume) terhadap penghambatan pembentukan biofilm Porphyromonas gingivalis secara in vitro. Skripsi. Purwokerto: Jenderal Soedirman University. 2021. (Tidak dipublikasikan).
[35] Juliantina Rachmawaty F, Mahardika Akhmad M, Hikmah Pranacipta S, Nabila Z, Muhammad A. Optimasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih Merah (Piper Crocatum) sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus. Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan 2018;18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mm.180109.
[36] Sulistyani H, Fujita M, Miyakawa H, Nakazawa F. Effect of roselle calyx extract on in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016;9:119–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.01.020.
[2] Christabel PF, Hernando M, Sutanto CA, Parisihni K. Exploration of Chlorella sp. as antibacterial to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, Institute of Physics Publishing 2019;217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/217/1/012040.
[3] Ridhwana L, Panjaitan FUA, Wasiaturrahmah Y. Efektivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Kasturi (Mangifera casturi) terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Jurnal Kedokteran Gigi 2020;4(2):49-55.
[4] Llama-Palacios A, Potupa O, Sánchez MC, Figuero E, Herrera D, Sanz M. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Growth in Biofilm versus Planktonic State: Differential Expression of Proteins. Journal of Proteome Research 2017;16:3158–67. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00127.
[5] Malik R, Changela R, Krishan P, Gugnani S, Bali D. Virulence factors of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans - A status update. Journal of the International Clinical Dental Research Organization 2015;7:137. DOI : https://doi.org/10.4103/2231-0754.164390.
[6] Widyarman A, Suhalim O, Nandary D, Theodorea C. Pomegranate juice inhibits periodontal pathogens biofilm In Vitro. Scientific Dental Journal 2018;2:101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26912/sdj.v2i3.2572.
[7] Nurrahman HF, Widyarman AS. Effectiveness of Matricaria chamomilla Essential Oil on Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Treponema denticola Biofilms. Indonesian Dental Association Journal of Indonesian Dental Association. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32793/jida.v3i2.563.
[8] Siregar HM, Purwanto RS, Sudarmono, Agusta A. Pengungkapan potensi obat pada tiga jenis begonia terpilih (B. muricata Blume. B. multangulaBlume. B. ”Bacem Kebo”) melalui uji antibakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains 2. 2009.
[9] Efendi M. Begonia alam di Kebun Raya Baturaden, Jawa Tengah. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Masyarakat Biodiversitas Indonesia 2019;5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.13057/psnmbi/m050103.
[10] Ghani MH. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Tangkai Begonia Multangula Blume Terhadap Penghambatan Pembentukan Biofilm Fusobacterium nucleatum Penyebab Periodontitis Kronis. Skripsi. Purwokerto: Jenderal Soedirman University. 2021 (Tidak dipublikasikan).
[11] Ahmad S. Efek ekstrak etanol daun teh hijau sebagai penghambat pembentukan biofilm pada bakteri Burkholideria cepacia secara in vitro. Tugas Akhir. Malang : Brawijaya University. 2017.
[12] Nor TA, Indriarini D, Koamesah Smj. Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Escherichiacoli secara in vitro. Cendana Medical Journal 2018;15:327–37.
[13] Marliana SD, Suryanti V, Suyono. Skrining Fitokimia dan Analisis Kromatografi Lapis Tipis Komponen Kimia Buah Labu Siam (Sechium edule Jacq. Swartz.) dalam Ekstrak Etanol. Biofarmasi. 2005;3(1): 26-31.
[14] Putra GMD, Satriawati DA, Astuti NKW, Yadnya-Putra AAGR. Standarisasi Dan Skrining Fitokimia Ekstrak Etanol 70% Daun Jeruk Limau (Citrus amblycarpa (Hassk.) Osche). Jurnal Kimia 2018;12(2):187-194.
[15] Ismail, Y.S., Yulvizar, C. Putriani. Isolasi, Karakterisasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antimikroba Bakteri Asam Laktat dari Fermentasi Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.). Jurnal Bioleuser 2017;1(2): 45-53.
[16] Yunus R, Mongan R. Cemaran Bakteri Gram Negatif pada Jajanan Siomay di Kota Kendari. Medical Laboratory Technology Journal 2017;3:87–92.
[17] Pargaputri AF, Munadziroh E, Indrawati R. Antibacterial effects of Pluchea indica Less leaf extract on E. faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum (in vitro). Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) 2017;49:93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.20473/j.djmkg.v49.i2.p93-98.
[18] Dinda AP, Asnani A, Anjarwati DU. The Activities of Streptomyces W-5A as Antibacterial and Antibiofilm towards Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 2983, Scitepress 2021:109–115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5220/0010488601090115.
[19] Ruchi T, Sujata B, Anuradha D. Comparison of Phenotypic Methods for the Detection of Biofilm Production in Uro-Pathogens in a Tertiary Care Hospital in India. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 2015;4(9): 840-849.
[20] Oettinger-Barak O, Dashper SG, Catmull D v., Adams GG, Sela MN, Machtei EE, et al. Antibiotic susceptibility of aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans JP2 in a biofilm. Journal of Oral Microbiology 2013;5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3402/jom.v5i0.20320.
[21] Hamzah H, Pratiwi SUT, Hertiani T. Efficacy of thymol and eugenol against polymicrobial biofilm. Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy 2018;29:214–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14499/indonesianjpharm29iss4pp221.
[22] Perangin-Angin Y, Purwaningrum Y, Asbur Y, Rahayu MS, Nurhayati. Pemanfataan Kandungan Metabolit Sekunder yang dihasilkan Tanaman pada Cekaman Biotik. Agriland 2019;7(1) : 39-47.
[23] Haqque N, Putri S, Nurdiwiyati D, Lestari S, Ramdhan B, Efendi M, et al. Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Tangkai dan Daun Begonia Multangula Blume. terhadap Porphyromonas Gingivalis Antibacterial Activity of Begonia multangula Blume. Stem and Leaf Extract on Porphyromonas gingivalis. Jurnal Biologi Universitas Andalas (J Bio UA) 2019;7:51–8.
[24] di Domenico EG, Toma L, Provot C, Ascenzioni F, Sperduti I, Prignano G, et al. Development of an in vitro assay, based on the biofilm ring test®, for rapid profiling of biofilm-growing bacteria. Frontiers in Microbiology 2016;7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.01429.
[25] Górniak I, Bartoszewski R, Króliczewski J. Comprehensive review of antimicrobial activities of plant flavonoids. Phytochemistry Reviews 2019;18:241–72. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11101-018-9591-z.
[26] Dong S, Yang X, Zhao L, Zhang F, Hou Z, Xue P. Antibacterial activity and mechanism of action saponins from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. husks against foodborne pathogenic bacteria. Industrial Crops and Products 2020;149. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2020.112350.
[27] Lahiri D, Dash S, Dutta R, Nag M. Elucidating the effect of anti-biofilm activity of bioactive compounds extracted from plants. Journal of Biosciences 2019;44. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12038-019-9868-4.
[28] Novita W. Uji aktivitas antibakteri fraksi daun sirih (Piper betle L) terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans secara in vitro. Jambi Medical Journal 2016;4(2):140–155.
[29] Kining E, Falah S, Nurhidayat N. The in vitro antibiofilm activity of water leaf extract of papaya (Carica papaya L.) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Current Biochemistry 2016;2(3):150-163.
[30] Diana R, Joenoes H, Djais AA. The effect of curcuma xanthorrhiza ethanol extract on the viability of streptococcus mutans and aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Dental biofilm research: In vitro study). Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 2017;10:30–3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10s5.23087.
[31] Kunarti S, Subiwahjudi A, Dewi Tamara Yuanita R. Comparison of IPMP, Chlorine Dioxide and Chlorhexidine Gluconat Contained in Mouthwashes for Reducing Exopolysaccharide on Streptococcus Mutans Biofilms. 2017.
[32] Gary Kaplowitz by J, Cortell M. 4 CE credits Chlorhexidine: A Multi-Functional Antimicrobial Drug A Peer-Reviewed Publication Written Educational Objectives. 2008.
[33] Teanpaisan R, Kawsud P, Pahumunto N, Puripattanavong J. Screening for antibacterial and antibiofilm activity in Thai medicinal plant extracts against oral microorganisms. Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine 2017;7:172–7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcme.2016.06.007.
[34] Gusri A. Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol tangkai begonia (Begonia multangula Blume) terhadap penghambatan pembentukan biofilm Porphyromonas gingivalis secara in vitro. Skripsi. Purwokerto: Jenderal Soedirman University. 2021. (Tidak dipublikasikan).
[35] Juliantina Rachmawaty F, Mahardika Akhmad M, Hikmah Pranacipta S, Nabila Z, Muhammad A. Optimasi Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih Merah (Piper Crocatum) sebagai Antibakteri terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus Aureus. Mutiara Medika: Jurnal Kedokteran Dan Kesehatan 2018;18. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18196/mm.180109.
[36] Sulistyani H, Fujita M, Miyakawa H, Nakazawa F. Effect of roselle calyx extract on in vitro viability and biofilm formation ability of oral pathogenic bacteria. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2016;9:119–24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apjtm.2016.01.020.
Published
2022-11-30
Section
Articles
