Evaluation of Rational Antibiotik Use for Patients with Typhoid Fever at X Hospital in Surakarta

Adhi W. Amrullah; Rolando Rahardjoputro; Atiek Murharyati; Avianti Eka Dewi Aditya Purwaningsih

doi:10.31001/jfi.v21i2.478

Abstract

The bacterium Salmonella typhi is the cause of a systemic infection known as typhoid fever. These bacteria usually enter through contaminated food or drink. To treat typhoid fever, antibiotics must be given as rationally as possible to achieve ideal therapeutic goals. An understanding of various aspects of an infectious disease should be used to plan the use of antibiotics. This understanding must also consider the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the antibiotic to be used as well as individual resistance, virulence and microorganisms. The development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is the worst effect of irrational use of antibiotics.

In this study, the Gyssens method was used to analyze the rationality of antibiotics. This observational descriptive study also uses a cross-sectional approach. Data was collected through a retrospective search of medical records in the medical records section of "X" Hospital in Surakarta from January to December 2021. The data collected consisted of analytic and descriptive data, which consisted of patient characteristics and the patient's pattern of prescribing antibiotics. The SPSS computer program is used to process the data.

The results of rationality analysis showed that in 84 prescriptions in typhoid fever patients who were included in category 0 (zero) or rational as many as 25 prescriptions (29.76%) and irrational as many as 59 prescriptions (70.24%) consisting of category IV A as many as 18 prescriptions (21.43%), IV B as many as 8 prescriptions (9.52%), III A as many as 3 prescriptions (3.57%), category III B as many as 47 prescriptions (55.95%), II A as many as 34 prescriptions (40.47%) and II B as many as 27 prescriptions (32.14%).

Keywords: Typhoid Fever; Rationality; Antibiotiks; Gyssens Method

References

1. Balai Teknik Kesehatan Lingkungan dan Pengendalian Penyakit (BTKLPP) Kelas I Medan. Revisi Rencana Aksi Kegiatan (RAK) Tahun 2018 [Internet]. Medan: Kementerian Kesehatan RI; 2017 [cited 2023 Jul 26]. 1–49 p. Available from: https://e-renggar.kemkes.go.id/file2018/e-performance/1-613111-4tahunan-993.pdf
2. Ehuwa O, Jaiswal AK, Jaiswal S. Salmonella, Food Safety and Food Handling Practices. Foods. 2021 Apr 21;10(5):907.
3. Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kesehatan. Riset Kesehatan Dasar Nasional. Jakarta; 2007.
4. Khairunnisa S, Hidayat EM, Herardi R. Hubungan Jumlah Leukosit dan Persentase Limfosit terhadap Tingkat Demam pada Pasien Anak dengan Demam Tifoid di RSUD Budhi Asih Tahun 2018-Oktober 2019. In: Seminar Nasional Riset Kedokteran (SENSORIK). Jakarta: Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jakar; 2019. p. 60–9.
5. Rahmasari V, Lestari K. Review: Manajemen Terapi Demam Tifoid: Kajian Terapi Farmakologis Dan Non Farmakologis. Farmaka. 2018 Aug 4;16(1):184–95.
6. Pratama S. Monitoring penggunaan antibiotik di Bangsal Penyakit Dalam RSUD Kerinci. Riset Informasi Kesehatan. 2019 Jun 30;8(1):57.
7. Gyssens IC. Audits for Monitoring the Quality of Antimicrobial Prescriptions. In: Antibiotic Policies. Boston, MA: Springer US; 2005. p. 197–226.
8. Soegijanto WM, Hapsari M, Budijitno S. Perbedaan Kualitas Penggunaan Antibiotik Pada Anak Dengan Demam Tifoid Di Kelas III Dan Non Kelas III (Penelitian Di Rsup Dr. Kariadi Semarang Pada Tahun 2011). Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro. 2013;2(1).
9. Hapsari AM. Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik Profilaksis Pada Pasien Sectio Caesarea Di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Dr. Soediran Mangun [Skripsi]. [Surakarta]: Universitas Sebelas Maret; 2013.
10. Ajum HA. Evaluasi kerasionalan penggunaan antibiotika pada pasien anak dengan demam tifoid berdasarkan kriteria Gyssens di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rsud Panembahan Senopati Bantul Yogyakarta periode Januari-Desember 2013 [Thesis]. [Yogyakarta]: Universitas Sanata Dharma; 2015.
11. Nurlaili R. Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik Pada Pasien Demam Tifoid Anak Berdasarkan Metode Gyssens Di Instalasi Rawat Inap Rumah Sakit Islam Sultan Agung Semarang Periode 1 Januari 2015 – 31 Desember 2016 [Skripsi]. [Semarang]: Universitas Islam Sultan Agung; 2017.
12. Hanifah HZ, Sari IP, Nuryastuti T. Evaluasi Penggunaan Antibiotik Empiris dan Analisis Biaya Demam Tifoid di Sebuah RS Swasta Kota Semarang. Jurnal Sains Farmasi & Klinis. 2018 Apr 30;5(1):1.
13. Amrullah AW, Purwaningsih AEDA, Rahardjoputro R, Murharyati A. Evaluasi Rasionalitas Penggunaan Antibiotik pada Pasien dengan Infeksi Saluran Kemih di Rumah Sakit X di Surakarta. JURNAL MANAJEMEN DAN PELAYANAN FARMASI (Journal of Management and Pharmacy Practice). 2022 Jun 30;12(2):116.
14. Gultom M. Karakteristik Penderita Demam Tifoid Yang Di Rawat Inap Di Rumah Sakit Santa Elizabeth Medan Tahun 2016 [Skripsi]. [Medan]: Universitas Sumatera Utara; 2017.
15. Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No 25 Tahun 2014 tentang Upaya Kesehatan Anak. 25 Indonesia; 2014 p. 1–84.
16. Auer GK, Weibel DB. Bacterial Cell Mechanics. Biochemistry. 2017 Jul 25;56(29):3710–24.
17. Kementrian Kesehatan RI. Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia No 364/MENKES/SK/V/2006 Tentang Pedoman Pengendalian Demam Tifoid. 364 Indonesia; 2006.
18. Raini M. Antibiotik Golongan Fluorokuinolon: Manfaat dan Kerugian. Media Litbangkes. 2016 Sep 30;26(3):163–74.
19. Cipolle RJ, Strand LM, Morley PC. Pharmaceutical Care Practice: The Patient-Centered Approach to Medication Management Services. 3rd ed. McGraw Hill; 2012.