The Cytotoxic Test of Ethanolic Extract of Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni) Leaf on Hela Cell Culture
Abstract
In Indonesia cervical cancer ranks second after breast cancer experienced by women. Stevia is a shrub that is used as a low-calorie sweetener. Stevia also has bioactive compounds such as steviosida, alkaloids, tanin, steroid and flavonoid which are useful as a treatment. Stevia leaf research as an anticancer has not been done much. Therefore, research on the cytotoxic effects of stevia leaves on HeLa cells. The purpose of this study was to determine the IC50 value of stevia leaves on HeLa cells.
Stevia leaf extraction was carried out by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent. The ethanol extract of stevia leaves was tested for its effect on HeLa cells using the MTT method with a concentration series of 500; 250; 125; 62.5; 31.25; 15,625 µg / mL. Cisplastin (Kalbe) is used as a positive control and cell control as a negative control.
The results of testing the cytotoxic activity of stevia leaf ethanol extract on HeLa cells showed an IC50 value of 512.94 ± 1.62 µg / ml and IC50 value of Cisplatin 16.16 ± 1.75 µg / ml. This shows that ethanol extract of stevia leaves can be used as a cancer chemo preventive agent that acts to prevent the development of cancer cells
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[2]. Isdianti, F. (2007). Penjernihan Ekstrak Daun Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) Dengan Ultrafiltrasi Aliran Silang. [Skripsi]. Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian. Institut Pertanian Bogor. Bogor
[3]. Contreras, Soledad M. (2013). Anticariogenic properties and effects on periodontal structures of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni. Journal of Oral Research. 2(3):158–166. DOI: https://doi.org/10.17126/joralres.2013.034
[4]. Kaushik R, Narayanan P, Vasudevan V, Muthukumaran G, Antony U (2010). Nutrient composition of cultivated Stevia leaves and the influence of polyphenols and plant pigements on sensory and antioxidant properties of leaf extracts. J. Food Sci. Tech. 47:27-33
[5]. Lemus-Mondaca, R., Vega-Galves, A., Zura-Bravo, L., Ah-Hen, K. (2012). Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, source of a high-potency natural sweetener: A comprehensive review on the biochemical, nutritional and functional aspects. Food chemistry, 132 (3). 1121–1132.
[6]. Tadhani, M.B., Patel, V.H., Rema Subhash. (2007). In vitro antioxidant activities of Stevia rebaudiana leaves and callus. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 20: 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfca.2006.08.004
[7]. Gupta, R., Yadav, V.,Rastogi, M. (2014). A Review on Importance of Natural Sweetener, A Zero Calorie Plant – Stevia – Having Medicinal and Commercial Importance. International Journal of Food and Nutritional Sciences, 3(3), 90-94.
[8]. Sichani MM, Karbasizadeh V, Aghai F, Mofid MR. (2012). Effect of different extracts of Stevia rebaudiana leaves on Streptococcus mutans growth. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research. 6(32):4731–4734. https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR11.1622
[9]. Jayaraman Sathishkumar, Muthu Saravanan Manoharan, Seethalakshmi Illanchezian. (2008). In-vitro Antimicrobial and Antitumor Activities of Stevia Rebaudiana (Asteraceae) Leaf Extracts. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research ; 7 (4): 1143-1149. DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v7i4.14700
[10]. Gupta Ena, Shweta Kaushik, Shalini Purwar, Ramesh Sharma, Anil K. Balapure, Shanthy Sundaram. (2017). Anticancer Potential of Steviol in MCF-7 Human Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmakognosy Magazine. 13(51): 345–350. doi: 10.4103/pm.pm_29_17
[11]. Yulianti Dian, Susilo Bambang, Yulianingsih Rini. (2014). Pengaruh Lama Ekstraksi Dan Konsentrasi Pelarut Etanol Terhadap Sifat Fisika-Kimia Ekstrak Daun Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni M.) Dengan Metode Microwave Assisted Extraction (Mae). Jurnal Bioproses Komoditas Tropis. 2 (1) : 35-41.
[12]. Departemen Kesehatan RI. (2013). Suplemen III Farmakope Herbal Indonesia Edisi 1. Jakarta : Departemen Kesehatan RI
[13]. Ismiyati N dan Nurhaeni F. (2016). Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum L) Sebagai Agen Kemopreventif pada Sel Kaker Leher Rahim Hela Melalui Aktivitas Sitotoksik dan Induksi Apoptosis. Media Farmasi 13:35-48. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/mf.v13i1.5741
[14]. Septiani Tia, Effendi E.M, Yulianita. (2005). Uji Aktivitas Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol 96 % Daun Teh Putih (Camelia Sinensis L.) Dan Daun Stevia (Stevia Rebaudiana B.) Sebagai Antidiabetes Pada Tikus Putih. Jurnal Farmasi-F. MIPA Universitas Pakuan.XX
[15]. Buchori L. (2007). Pembuatan gula non karsinogenik non kalori dari daun stevia. Reaktor.11(2):57–60
[16]. Preethi D, Sridhar, Josthna P and C.V.Naidu. (2011). Studies on Antibacterial Activity, Phytochemical Analysis of Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) - An Important Calorie Free Biosweetner. Journal of Ecobiotechnology 2011, 3(7): 05-10
[17]. Sangi, M. M. R. J., Runtuwene, H. E. I.,Simbala, dan Makang, V.M. A. (2008). Analisa fitokimia Tumbuhan Obat Di Minahasa Utara. Chem Prog, 1 (1); 47
[18]. Jacobo-Herrera N, Perez-Plasencia C, Castro-Torres VA, Martinez-Vazquez M, González-Esquinca AR, & Zentella-Dehesa A. (2019). Selective Acetogenins and Their Potential as Anticancer Agents. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 10 (July), 1–12. doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00783
[19]. Berek JS, dan Natarajan S. (2007). Ovarian and Fallopian Tube Cancer, in: Berek & Novak’s Gynecology. 14th. Ed. California: Lippincott William & Wilkins. p.1457-1531.
[20]. Pan M, Chen NJ, Lin S, Ho CH, Lin JK. (2007). Tangeretin Induces Cell Cycle Through Cyclin Dependent Kinase 2& 4 Activies as Wekkas Carsinogenesis. Oxford University Press. 23: 1677-1684.
[21]. Djajanegara IRA, and Wahyudi P. (2009). Pemakaian Sel HeLa dalam Uji Sitotoksisitas Fraksi Kloroform dan Etanol Ekstrak Daun Annona squamosa. Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian Indonesia. 7 (1), 7–11.
[22]. Khare Noopur, Chandra Sheela. (2018). Stevioside mediated chemosensitization studies and cytotoxicity assay on breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and SKBR3. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. XX https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.10.009
[23]. Sumantri Apria W. (2018). Efektifitas Antikanker Fraksi (Curcuma Zedoaria) Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Ekspresi Gen Caspase 3 Pada Sel Hela Secara In Vitro. Jurnal Kesehatan Saelmakers Perdana. 1 (2).
[24]. Nissa CK, Oehadin A, Martakusumah AH, Dewi YA. (2015). Accuracy Comparison of Various Formulas for Estimating Glomerular Filtration Rate in Advanced Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients before Cisplatin Administration. Majalah Kedokteran Bandung; Vol.47 (1). DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v47n1.396
[25]. Wzeerapreeyakul N, Nonpunya A. Barusrux S, Thitimetharoch T and Sripanidkulchai B. (2012). Evaluation of the anticancer potential of six herbs against a hepatomacellline. J. Chinese Medicine. 7(15). doi: 10.1186/1749-8546-7-15
[26]. Awik PDN, Sukardiman, Hani Tenia Fadjri. (2011). Uji Sitotoksisitas Dan Efek Ekstrak Spons Laut Aaptos Suberitoides Terhadap Sel Kanker Serviks (Hela) Secara In Vitro. [skripsi]. Surabaya: Fakultas matematika dan Ilmu pengetahuan alam, Institut Sepuluh Nove
Published
2021-11-24
Section
Articles
